Sediment Deposition Patterns in Simulated Grass Filters

Tollner, E. W.; Barfield, B. J.; Vachirakornwatana, C.; Haan, C. T.

doi:10.13031/2013.35679

Cited by 49 publications

(36 citation statements)

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“…The University of Kentucky sediment filtration model used in this study considers sediment type and concentration, flow conditions, vegetation conditions, and filter length Hayes et al, 1979Hayes et al, , 1984Tollner et al, 1976Tollner et al, , 1977Tollner et al, , 1982. Equations and nomenclature used in the University of Kentucky sediment filtration model are provided in the Appendix in tables A.1 and A.2, respectively.…”

Section: University Of Kentucky Sediment Filtration Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling Sediment Trapping in a Vegetative Filter Accounting for Converging Overland Flow

Helmers¹,

Eisenhauer²,

Franti³

et al. 2005

Transactions of the ASAE

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ABSTRACT. Vegetative filters (VF) egetative filters (VF) are used to control sediment delivery to water bodies. VF retard flow velocity and reduce the transport capacity of water flow (Tollner et al., 1982). As a result, some of the sediment will be deposited as water flows through the VF. While there has been a significant amount of research performed on plot-scale VF and on laboratory-scale filters using either real vegetation or simulated vegetation, very little information is available on water flow and sediment transport within fieldscale VF (Daniels and Gilliam, 1996;Dillaha et al., 1989, Munoz-Carpena et al., 1999Schmitt et al., 1999;Sheridan et al., 1999). In this article, field scale differs from plot scale in that the flow lengths within the filter and the loading of water and sediment to the filter are representative of field condi- tions, and flow pathways are not controlled by artificial plot borders.Current models of overland flow and sediment movement through VF only apply to one-dimensional or uniformly distributed flow (i.e., planar). REMM (Lowrance et al., 2000) and VFSMOD (Munoz-Carpena et al., 1999), which are models that simulate processes that occur in VF, use this assumption. Overland flow within a VF that was investigated during this study was found to be two-dimensional with converging and diverging pathways (Helmers, 2003). Dillaha et al. (1989) stated that VF that are characterized by concentrated flow should be less effective for sediment removal than filters with shallow, uniformly distributed flow. However, there is little quantitative information on the impact of convergence of overland flow on sediment trapping in a VF. Our hypothesis is that flow convergence will negatively influence the sediment trapping capability of VF. The objectives of this investigation were: (1) to develop a modeling approach for estimating sediment trapping in a VF that accounts for converging or diverging flow, and (2) to use this model to investigate the impact of converging overland flow on sediment trapping within a VF. MODELINGTo model sediment trapping in a VF, infiltration and overland runoff must be modeled along with modeling of sediment trapping in the VF. The hydrologic processes were modeled using MIKE SHE (Refsgaard and Storm, 1995) V

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Section: University Of Kentucky Sediment Filtration Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling Sediment Trapping in a Vegetative Filter Accounting for Converging Overland Flow

Helmers¹,

Eisenhauer²,

Franti³

et al. 2005

Transactions of the ASAE

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show abstract

“…Sediment deposition was simulated using the University of Kentucky sediment filtration model, which was developed and modified by many researchers at the University of Kentucky (Barfield et al, 1978Hays et al, 1979Hays et al, , 1984Tollner et al, 1976Tollner et al, , 1977Tollner et al, , 1982. The model is based on transport and deposition of sediment in laboratory conditions using artificial media, and later tested in the field.…”

Section: Model Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Validation of a vegetated filter strip model (VFSMOD)

Abu‐Zreig¹,

Rudra²,

Whiteley³

2001

Hydrological Processes

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Abstract:Vegetated filter strips (VFS) are designed to reduce sediment load and other pollutants into water bodies. However, adaptation of VFS in the field has been limited owing to lack of data about their efficiency and performance under natural field conditions. A number of models are available that simulate sediment transport and trapping in VFS, but there is a general lack of confidence in VFS models owing to limited validation studies and model limitations that prevent correct application of these models under field conditions. The objective of this study is to test and validate a process-based model (VFSMOD) that simulates sediment trapping in VFS. This model links three submodels: modified Green-Ampt's infiltration, Quadratic overland flow submodel based on kinematic wave approximation and University of Kentucky sediment filtration model. A total of 20 VFS, 2, 5, 10 and 15 m long and with various vegetation covers, were tested under simulated sediment and runoff conditions. The results of these field experiments were used to validate the VFS model. The model requires 25 input parameters distributed over five input files. All input parameters were either measured or calculated using experimental data. The observed sediment trapping efficiencies varied from 65% in the 2-m long VFS to 92% in the 10-m long filters. No increase in sediment removal efficiency was observed at higher VFS length. Application of the VFS model to experimental data was satisfactory under the condition that actual flow widths are used in the model instead of the total filter width. Predicted and observed sediment trapping efficiencies and infiltration volume fitted very well, with a coefficient of determination R 2 of 0Ð9 and 0Ð95, respectively. Regression analyses revealed that the slope and intercept of the regression lines between predicted versus observed infiltration volume and trapping efficiency were not significantly different than the line of perfect agreement with a slope of 1Ð0 and intercept of 0Ð0.

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“…For example, sediment deposition in simulated grass ®lters has been studied by Tollner et al (1977), while Dabney et al (1995) and Meyer et al (1995) have conducted experiments to determine the sediment trapping eectiveness of sti grass hedges. Other studies on sediment deposition by overland¯ow have focused on sediment transport relationships (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sediment transport by overland flow over an area of net deposition

et al. 1999

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Abstract:Flume studies were conducted in order to evaluate the in¯uence of slope, sediment size, discharge and in¯ow sediment concentration on sediment deposition by overland¯ow. Additionally, experiments were carried out to measure transport capacity of overland¯ow at low slopes, using a wide range of discharges. The experimental data show that the hydraulic conditions where net deposition occurs can be divided into two domains. The ®rst domain is characterized by hydraulic conditions where transport capacity is not signi®cant. In the second domain net deposition still occurs but transport capacity is signi®cant. The size of the latter domain is dependent on the sediment size distribution, on the hydraulic roughness and on the in¯ow sediment concentration. The experiments clearly indicate the necessity of incorporating a threshold value in any deposition equation. These experiments demonstrate that shear stress is a valuable threshold for deposition modelling.

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Sediment Deposition Patterns in Simulated Grass Filters

Cited by 49 publications

References 0 publications

Modeling Sediment Trapping in a Vegetative Filter Accounting for Converging Overland Flow

Modeling Sediment Trapping in a Vegetative Filter Accounting for Converging Overland Flow

Validation of a vegetated filter strip model (VFSMOD)

Sediment transport by overland flow over an area of net deposition

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