Sediment delivery in managed forests: a review

Croke, Jacky; Hairsine, Peter B.

doi:10.1139/a05-016

Cited by 135 publications

(121 citation statements)

References 77 publications

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“…These were the sum of the average proportion of grid cells used for forestry, intensive animal and plant production (that is, land use) which were used as a surrogate for sedimentation (Trimble and Mendel, 1995;Croke and Hairsine, 2006). The average difference in altitude over each upstream grid cell (that is, slope) was used as a surrogate for the frequency of deep slow-flowing pools.…”

Section: Landscape Geneticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Landscape genetics informs mesohabitat preference and conservation priorities for a surrogate indicator species in a highly fragmented river system

et al. 2016

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Poor dispersal species represent conservative benchmarks for biodiversity management because they provide insights into ecological processes influenced by habitat fragmentation that are less evident in more dispersive organisms. Here we used the poorly dispersive and threatened river blackfish (Gadopsis marmoratus) as a surrogate indicator system for assessing the effects of fragmentation in highly modified river basins and for prioritizing basin-wide management strategies. We combined individual, population and landscape-based approaches to analyze genetic variation in samples spanning the distribution of the species in Australia's Murray-Darling Basin, one of the world's most degraded freshwater systems. Our results indicate that G. marmoratus displays the hallmark of severe habitat fragmentation with notably scattered, small and demographically isolated populations with very low genetic diversity-a pattern found not only between regions and catchments but also between streams within catchments. By using hierarchically nested population sampling and assessing relationships between genetic uniqueness and genetic diversity across populations, we developed a spatial management framework that includes the selection of populations in need of genetic rescue. Landscape genetics provided an environmental criterion to identify associations between landscape features and ecological processes. Our results further our understanding of the impact that habitat quality and quantity has on habitat specialists with similarly low dispersal. They should also have practical applications for prioritizing both large-and small-scale conservation management actions for organisms inhabiting highly fragmented ecosystems.

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Section: Landscape Geneticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Landscape genetics informs mesohabitat preference and conservation priorities for a surrogate indicator species in a highly fragmented river system

et al. 2016

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“…However, forest roads have been associated with environmental problems in many timber producing regions [3]. Soil erosion and potential for sediment contributions to streams are common concerns associated with poorly designed, constructed, or maintained forest roads [4][5][6].…”

Section: Forest Roads Erosion and Sedimentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While previous research clearly supports the premise that forest roads and stream crossings with inadequate or poorly implemented BMPs can accelerate soil erosion and, potentially, sedimentation, numerous research reviews have concluded that BMPs [4,7,[45][46][47], minimum standard roads [48] low-impact harvesting [49], reduced-impact logging [50], or similar techniques can be used to reduce soil erosion and sedimentation. Following the passage of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972, state forestry agencies developed Forestry BMPs [45,46] specifically designed to minimize the erosion and sediment associated with forest operations with major emphases on forest roads, skid trails, and stream crossings [7,[45][46][47]51,52].…”

Section: Forestry Bmps and Roadsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimating Costs and Effectiveness of Upgrades in Forestry Best Management Practices for Stream Crossings

Nolan

Aust

Barrett

et al. 2015

Water

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Forestry Best Management Practices (BMPs) are used for protection of water quality at forest stream crossings, yet effects and costs for gradients of BMPs are not well documented. We evaluated forty-two truck road and skid trail stream crossings using three surrogates of BMP adequacy: (1) potential erosion rates for stream crossing approaches; (2) adequacy of stream crossing BMPs; and (3) overall BMP rating (BMP´, BMP-standard, and BMP+). Subsequently, BMP upgrades were recommended for enhancing BMP´or BMP-standard stream crossings. Costs for BMP upgrades were estimated using an existing road and skid trail cost method. The majority of truck road stream crossings were culverts, while skid trail stream crossings were primarily portable bridges. Potential erosion estimates, BMP audit scores, and BMP ratings all indicated that skid crossings have lower BMP implementation than truck road crossings. BMP improvements commonly identified for skid trail and truck crossings included addition of cover and water control structures. Improved BMPs at skid trail crossings were less expensive than those at truck road crossings. Current BMP guidelines provide economical and effective techniques for reducing erosion, and BMP upgrades have the potential to reduce erosion rates to similar levels found in undisturbed forests.

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“…Canada has the 3rd highest freshwater supply in the world; 55% of this runoff is generated in boreal drainage regions, which is proportionate to area (Statistics Canada 2010). Despite their abundance, these water resources are fragile and under threat from pollution, climate change, invasive species, and changes in land use (Schindler 2001;Croke and Hairsine 2006;Monteith et al 2006;Kreutzweiser et al 2008Kreutzweiser et al , 2013Schindler and Lee 2010;Webster et al, Manuscript in preparation;Langor et al, Manuscript in preparation).…”

Section: Select Notable Features Of the Boreal Zonementioning

confidence: 99%

Protected areas in boreal Canada: a baseline and considerations for the continued development of a representative and effective reserve network

2014

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REVIEWProtected areas in boreal Canada: a baseline and considerations for the continued development of a representative and effective reserve network 1 Margaret E. Andrew, Michael A. Wulder, and Jeffrey A. Cardille Abstract: Boreal forests maintain regionally important biodiversity and globally important ecosystem services, such as carbon storage and freshwater resources. Many boreal systems have limited anthropogenic disturbances and are preserved, in effect, to date largely by their harsh climates and remoteness. As of 2011, almost 10% of Canada is subject to some manner of formal protection, with 4.5% of this protected area found within the boreal zone. The management of existing parks and protected areas (PPAs) is shared amongst many federal, provincial, and territorial jurisdictions. Although there are currently low levels of anthropogenic development in some portions of the boreal zone (especially the north), if expansion of protected areas is of interest, there are challenges to traditional PPA networks that may be more prominent in the boreal zone than elsewhere: (1) the boreal zone is home to charismatic mammal species with area requirements much larger than typical PPAs; (2) the boreal zone is characterized by natural disturbance regimes that impact large areas; and (3) projected changes to climate for the boreal zone are among the greatest in the world, creating temporal considerations for conservation planning exercises. There is currently no PPA assessment specific to boreal Canada. To address this lack of an assessment, we developed a conservation gap analysis of the current PPA system with respect to a variety of environmental surrogates (ecozones, land cover, vegetation productivity, and landscape structure). The amount of formally protected land varied within each surrogate, with few commonly reported features meeting national or international conservation targets. Furthermore, few reserves met the areal requirements that have been previously recommended to protect large mammals or accommodate the disturbance regimes present. We also discuss considerations and implications of area-based versus value-based protection objectives. While recognizing that there are still scientific challenges around understanding and evaluating the effectiveness of PPAs, based upon our review and assessment, the following considerations should inform conservation options for the boreal zone: (1) representation of the distribution of natural features within the PPA network; (2) effective maintenance of habitat requirements and spatial resilience to both cyclical and directional changes in spatial patterns through large, connected reserves; and (3) implementation of sustainable forest management practices (where applicable) throughout the broader landscape, as traditional on-reserve protection is unlikely to be sufficient to meet conservation goals. The Canadian boreal is unique in possessing large tracts of inaccessible forested lands that are not subject to management interventions, thereby offering functions similar...

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Sediment delivery in managed forests: a review

Cited by 135 publications

References 77 publications

Landscape genetics informs mesohabitat preference and conservation priorities for a surrogate indicator species in a highly fragmented river system

Landscape genetics informs mesohabitat preference and conservation priorities for a surrogate indicator species in a highly fragmented river system

Estimating Costs and Effectiveness of Upgrades in Forestry Best Management Practices for Stream Crossings

Protected areas in boreal Canada: a baseline and considerations for the continued development of a representative and effective reserve network

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