Sediment Classification using Envirometric Technique: A Study Case in Pahang River, Malaysia

Abstract

AbstrakMasalah sedimentasi merupakan masalah utama sungai di Malaysia. Analisis saiz partikel sedimen di sungai menyediakan maklumat yang berguna dalam menilai kadar dan corak hakisan, pengangkutan dan pemendapan pada sesuatu masa. Bahanbahan sedimen dikelaskan mengikut saiz seperti pasir, kelodak dan liat. Kajian ini membincangkan hasil kajian mengenai analisis sedimentasi yang dijalankan di Sungai Pahang pada 3 hingga 6 Jun 2015. Sebanyak 13 stesen persampelan telah dipilih. Parameter yang telah diguna bagi tujuan kajian ini berdasarkan kepada jenis taburan saiz partikal sedimen (g). Pengelasan mengikut saiz bahan telah dikira dan ditentukan melalui nilai skala Phi (ø) bagi mengira pelbagai parameter penentuan sedimen seperti min (M), sisihan piawai (D) dan pencongan (S). Di dalam kajian ini, teknik envirometrik digunakan untuk mengelaskan setiap parameter sedimen yang telah dianalisis. Hasil pengelasan mendapati setiap parameter min, pencongan dan sisihan piawai mempunyai tiga kelas utama yang mendominasi iaitu pasir kasar, pasir sederhana dan pasir halus. Analisis saiz partikel sedimen (M) menunjukkan bahawa, di bahagian tebing kanan kiri dan tengah sungai adalah didominasi pasir bersaiz butiran halus dengan nilai phi 2 ke phi 3. Tahap keseragaman sedimen atau sisihan piawai (D) di kawasan kajian mempunyai butiran pasir yang halus dengan skala keseragaman yang buruk direkodkan iaitu phi 1 ke phi 2. Bagi nilai pencongan (S), saiz sedimen yang terdapat di kawasan kajian adalah bersaiz kasar dan sangat kasar iaitu di antara phi -0.1 ke phi -0.3 dan phi -0.3 ke phi -1. Oleh yang demikian, kawasan Sungai Pahang merupakan kawasan yang mudah mengalami perubahan geomorfologi akibat daripada struktur tanihnya yang bersifat mudah dihakis oleh hujan dan perubahan kadar luahan sungai.Kata kunci: sedimentasi, saiz partikel sedimen, teknik envirometrik, skala phi, Sungai Pahang Abstract Sedimentation is a main river problem in Malaysia. Particle size sediments analysis the river provides useful information to evaluate the rate and pattern of erosion, transportation and deposition at a time. The sediments sizes are classified according to sand, silt and clay. This study discusses about the results of sedimentation analysis at the Pahang River from 3 until 6 June 2015. 13 sampling stations were selected. The parameters used in this study are based on grain size distribution (g). Total of different sizes of material classifications were calculated using Phi scale (ø) in older to statistically calculate their mean (M), standard deviation (D) and skewness (S). In this study, envirometrics technique were used to analyzed the classify parameter of this sediments. The classify results for each parameters mean, skewness and standard deviation has dominated by three main class like coarse sand, medium sand and fine sand size. Analysis of particle size sediment (M) shows the middle, right and left bank river is dominated by fine grain size with the phi 2 to phi 3. The uniformity of sediment or standard deviation (D) on the study

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