Biodiversity of Asarama estuary at Andoni flat in the Niger Delta was surveyed in the wet and dry seasons of 2016/17; in order to ascertain the diversity, composition and community structure of plankton. Qualitative plankton samples, were collected from different sources including surface water and analysed in the laboratory. The results for the analyses for water chemistry showed optimal to near high values for the parameters, which were within the normal range of normality in tropical brackish waters. Biodiversity analyses revealed eight divisions of phytoplankton in the given order; (bacillariphyta constituting 84% > cyanophyta 8% > chlorophyta 6%, > euglenophyta 1%, ≥ dinophyta 1%, > ochrophyta < 1%, ≥ charophyta < 1%, ≥ oligohymenophorea < 1%) and three groups of zooplankton which were cyclopoida (composed of 98% of the species), harpaticoida and rotifera (which had 1% of the constituent species each). Species diversity and composition were low for zooplankton and very high for phytoplankton. Meanwhile, unregulated boat traffic and illegal pollution with crude oil products pose major challenges to the biotic communities. Nutrient enrichment may perhaps become an issue in the near future if no monitoring efforts backed with legislature are imposed on the maricultural practices of bivalves at the upstream.