Sediment and weathering control on the distribution of Paleozoic magmatic tin–tungsten mineralization

Romer, Rolf L.; Kroner, Uwe

doi:10.1007/s00126-014-0540-5

Cited by 129 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 69 publications

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“…Our data do not support the suggestion that weathering related Sn and W enrichment of sedimentary rocks is an important control for granite hosted Sn (and W) ore formations [6]. The low δ 18 O together with relatively high Hf isotope data on zircons from granites contradict assumptions on the important role of intensely weathered shales as the most important source rock for Variscan granites [6,7]. Low temperature weathering always results in high δ 18 O values of such sediments with typical values >12% [62].…”

Section: The Role Of Hydrothermal Processes For Enrichmentcontrasting

confidence: 99%

“…In summary, there is an enrichment of both Sn and W with time in the source(s) of granitic melts, but the enrichment degree is relatively low (Figure 12). Our data do not support the suggestion that weathering related Sn and W enrichment of sedimentary rocks is an important control for granite hosted Sn (and W) ore formations [6]. The low δ 18 O together with relatively high Hf isotope data on zircons from granites contradict assumptions on the important role of intensely weathered shales as the most important source rock for Variscan granites [6,7].…”

Section: The Role Of Hydrothermal Processes For Enrichmentcontrasting

confidence: 98%

“…In contrast to Cornubian granites where greywackes are suggested as the main sedimentary protolith [2], mainly shales [3,4] have been assumed as the sedimentary source for granites in the Erzgebirge. Specifically, highly weathered Ordovician shales from the Frauenbach Group have been suggested [6]-because of their high K 2 O/Na 2 O ratios-as the most potential sedimentary source rock. The suggestion of a mix of two sources is mainly based on Sr-and Nd-isotope data from granitic bulk rocks that plot between Paleozoic sediments and more juvenile volcanic/volcanogenic clastic sediments from Saxothuringia [36].…”

Section: Regional Geology and Previous Geochemistrymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For the Erzgebirge granites, a mixture of sedimentary rocks (meta-pelites/shales) with evolved magmatic sources (quartzo-feldspathic rocks) has been supposed as protoliths [1,[3][4][5]. In addition, intense weathering of Early Paleozoic sediments was postulated to be necessary for the Sn enrichment [6,7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We discuss what information can be inferred from various geochemical proxies (i) from bulk rocks, and (ii) from zircon crystals that precipitated from the melt. This allows us to reconstruct the sources of granites as well as enrichment processes that finally led to ore level concentrations of Sn and W in ore bodies and test various suggestions necessary for ore level enrichments, e.g., [6,7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Chemical Evolution from Older (323–318 Ma) towards Younger Highly Evolved Tin Granites (315–314 Ma)—Sources and Metal Enrichment in Variscan Granites of the Western Erzgebirge (Central European Variscides, Germany)

Tichomirowa

Gerdes

Lapp³

et al. 2019

Minerals

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The sources and critical enrichment processes for granite related tin ores are still not well understood. The Erzgebirge represents one of the classical regions for tin mineralization. We investigated the four largest plutons from the Western Erzgebirge (Germany) for the geochemistry of bulk rocks and autocrystic zircons and relate this information to their intrusion ages. The source rocks of the Variscan granites were identified as high-grade metamorphic rocks based on the comparison of Hf-O isotope data on zircons, the abundance of xenocrystic zircon ages as well as Nd and Hf model ages. Among these rocks, restite is the most likely candidate for later Variscan melts. Based on the evolution with time, we could reconstruct enrichment factors for tin and tungsten starting from the protoliths (575 Ma) that were later converted to high-grade metamorphic rocks (340 Ma) and served as sources for the older biotite granites (323–318 Ma) and the tin granites (315–314 Ma). This evolution involved a continuous enrichment of both tin and tungsten with an enrichment factor of ~15 for tin and ~7 for tungsten compared to the upper continental crust (UCC). Ore level concentrations (>10–100 times enrichment) were achieved only in the greisen bodies and dykes by subsequent hydrothermal processes.

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Section: The Role Of Hydrothermal Processes For Enrichmentcontrasting

confidence: 99%

Section: The Role Of Hydrothermal Processes For Enrichmentcontrasting

confidence: 98%

Section: Regional Geology and Previous Geochemistrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

The Chemical Evolution from Older (323–318 Ma) towards Younger Highly Evolved Tin Granites (315–314 Ma)—Sources and Metal Enrichment in Variscan Granites of the Western Erzgebirge (Central European Variscides, Germany)

Tichomirowa

Gerdes

Lapp³

et al. 2019

Minerals

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Nb‐Ta‐Sn‐W Distribution in Granite‐related Ore Systems

Hulsbosch

2019

Geophysical Monograph Series

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Tantalum, niobium, tin, and tungsten mineralization typically occurs worldwide in close proximity to fractionated peraluminous leucogranites. These granite-related ore deposits show a diversity of mineralization modes, ranging from plutonic-hosted breccia and hydrothermal vein-stockwork systems to (peri)batholitic greisens, skarns, pegmatites, and hydrothermal veins. In the Mesoproterozoic Karagwe-Ankole orogenic belt (KAB) of Central Africa, numerous early Neoproterozoic Nb-Ta-Sn-W rare-metal deposits formed as primary mineralization in hydrothermal quartz veins, magmatic lithium-cesium-tantalum (LCT) family pegmatites and associated intrapegmatitic greisens. This chapter reviews the petro-and metallogenesis of Nb-Ta-Sn-W graniterelated ore deposits, as they occur in the Rwandese part of the KAB, and provides a general overview of the geochemical mechanisms behind the formation of pegmatite-and quartz vein-hosted deposits and the distribution and enrichment of the ore elements Nb, Ta, Sn, and W in the different metallogenic subsystems (i.e., granites, pegmatites, and veins). Moreover, this chapter assesses the observed close spatiotemporal association between leucogranites, pegmatites, and quartz veins in terms of a direct genetic link between the mineralization and the felsic magmatism. Based on this review and element distribution calculations, an integrated orthomagmatic metallogenic model for Nb-Ta-Sn-W mineralization in the KAB is demonstrated. This model can form a major tool in the exploration for granite-related ore deposits in general.

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The Cornubian Batholith

SHAIL,

SIMONS

2023

Metallic Resources 1

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Sediment and weathering control on the distribution of Paleozoic magmatic tin–tungsten mineralization

Cited by 129 publications

References 69 publications

The Chemical Evolution from Older (323–318 Ma) towards Younger Highly Evolved Tin Granites (315–314 Ma)—Sources and Metal Enrichment in Variscan Granites of the Western Erzgebirge (Central European Variscides, Germany)

The Chemical Evolution from Older (323–318 Ma) towards Younger Highly Evolved Tin Granites (315–314 Ma)—Sources and Metal Enrichment in Variscan Granites of the Western Erzgebirge (Central European Variscides, Germany)

Nb‐Ta‐Sn‐W Distribution in Granite‐related Ore Systems

The Cornubian Batholith

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