Sedentary time is related to deficits in response inhibition among adults with overweight and obesity: An accelerometry and event‐related brain potentials study

Abstract

Excessive sedentariness has been related to poorer cognitive control in adults.Sedentariness may compound obesity-related impairments in response inhibition, but its relationship to response inhibition remains poorly understood. This study investigated the relationship between accelerometer-measured sedentary time (ST, min/day), performance on the Oddball and NoGo tasks, N2 and P3-ERP indices of response inhibition and attentional control in 80 adults with overweight and obesity (55 females, M age = 35.2 ± 5.8 years, BMI = 32.8 ± 5.3 kg/m 2 ). ST was not related to performance on the Oddball task. However, more sedentary adults had larger P3b amplitude to targets. Higher ST was also related to increased attentional resource allocation during NoGo target and nontarget trials as indicated by higher P3b amplitudes across centroparietal sites (C1, Cz, C2, CP1, CPz, CP2; ps ≤ .03).ST was negatively indirectly related to target accuracy on NoGo trials through its association with faster response times to nontargets (95% percentile bootstrap CI for a standardized effect: −0.182, −0.014). ST was not related to N2 amplitude on either Oddball or NoGo target trials. Adjustment for moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA; all models), age (models with P3b NoGo target amplitude, N2 NoGo target amplitude and latency), and % fat mass (models with target NoGo accuracy and N2 NoGo target amplitude) did not modulate behavioral findings. MVPA did not significantly predict P3b amplitude. Our results suggest suboptimal response inhibition due to trading accuracy for speed and despite the upregulation of attentional resources among more sedentary adults with overweight and obesity.

Waist-to-calf circumstance ratio and cognitive function among Chinese older adults: Mediating roles of physical performance and social activity

“…Then, as determined by B-coefficients with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) from the initial analyses, significance for the next interaction analyses was set at P < 0.10. Finally, the PROCESS macro for SPSS was adopted to examine the mediation model (Pindus et al, 2021 ). In the Hayes PROCESS, the coefficients of the conditional indirect effects and conditional mediator tests are estimated along with the bias-corrected bootstrap confidence intervals.…”

Effects of reducing sedentary behaviour duration by increasing physical activity, on cognitive function, brain function and structure across the lifespan: a systematic review protocol

“…Thus, these findings suggest decreased readiness to engage top-down control with higher ST. In middle-aged adults with overweight and obesity, higher ST was related to poorer neural efficiency, such that more sedentary adults allocated more attentional resources to the task that varied in cognitive demands without benefit to cognitive performance 46. These emergent studies raise the possibility of suboptimal activation in brain regions that support EFs with higher ST already during younger-age and middle-age adulthood.…”

“…In middle-aged adults with overweight and obesity, higher ST was related to poorer neural efficiency, such that more sedentary adults allocated more attentional resources to the task that varied in cognitive demands without benefit to cognitive performance. 46 These emergent studies raise the possibility of suboptimal activation in brain regions that support EFs with higher ST already during younger-age and middle-age adulthood. Preliminary data from a longitudinal study further suggest that decreasing ST over several weeks can lead to positive adaptations in global cerebral blood flow (CBF), a global measure of substrate delivery to the brain.…”

A Study of Response Inhibition in Overweight/Obesity People Based on Event-Related Potential

“…Studies of sedentary time in overweight and obese individuals found that these people with longer sedentary time showed elevated P3b amplitudes on CPz in the Go/Nogo task. This means those overweight and obese individuals use more attentional resources and have reduced response inhibition in the face of stimuli ( Pindus et al, 2021 ). In addition, other studies of error-related brain activation have found that the anterior and posterior cingulate gyrus, precuneus, and left/right anterior insula cortices are activated during error-only processing ( Menon et al, 2001 ).…”