Sedentary Time is Associated with Cardiometabolic Diseases in A Large Japanese Population: A Cross-Sectional Study

Abstract

Aim: Accumulating evidence reveals that sedentary behavior is associated with mortality and cardiometabolic disease; however, there are potential age and sex differences in sedentary behavior and health outcomes that have not been adequately addressed. This study aimed to determine the association of sedentary behavior with cardiometabolic diseases such as hypertension, dyslipidemia, diabetes mellitus, and its risk factors in a large Japanese population according to age and sex. Methods: Using data from the Japan Multi-Institutional Collaborative Cohort Study obtained from baseline surveys, data of 62,754 participants (27,930 males, 34,824 females) were analyzed. This study uses a cross-sectional design and self-administered questionnaires to evaluate sedentary time and anamnesis. For the logistic regression analysis, sedentary time 5 h/day was used as the reference and then adjusted for age, research areas, leisure-time metabolic equivalents, and alcohol and smoking status. From the analysis of anthropometric and blood examinations, 35,973 participants (17,109 males, 18,864 females) were analyzed.Results: For hypertension and diabetes, sedentary time was associated with a significantly higher proportion of male participants. Both sexes were associated with a significantly higher proportion of participants with dyslipidemia. Participants who had longer sedentary time tended to have increased levels of blood pressure, triglycerides, and non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and decreased levels of HDL-C, especially in the 60-69 years group.Conclusions: Independent of leisure-time physical activity, sedentary time was associated with cardiometabolic diseases in a large Japanese population classified by age and sex. Our findings indicate that regularly interrupting and replacing sedentary time may contribute to better physical health-related quality of life.

Association between Lifestyle Changes and at-Home Hours during and after the State of Emergency Due to the COVID-19 Pandemic in Japan

“…This implies that individuals who had extended at-home hours for almost half a year did not adopt measures to address the deterioration in their lifestyle. Although the increased sleep duration observed among participants with extended at-home hours plays a protective role in cardiovascular disease for those reporting a shorter sleep duration [ 33 ], prolonged sedentary time increases the risk of cardiovascular disease [ 34 ]. Obesity, an unhealthy diet, and smoking are also risk factors for chronic illness [ 28 ]; therefore, it is important to raise awareness about health-protective behaviors.…”

Sedentary Behavioral Studies of Young and Middle-Aged Adults with Hypertension in the Framework of Behavioral Epidemiology: A Scoping Review

“…In contrast, SB was also significantly associated with the development of hypertension in a non-hypertensive young and middle-aged population [ 44 , 45 ]. Koyama et al [ 46 ] and Vancampfort et al [ 47 ] noted that reducing sedentary time in patients with chronic diseases was more beneficial in improving their prognosis and quality of life than exercising alone. Other studies have noted that SB has the strongest association out of all factors associated with all causes of death from CVD [ 48 , 49 ].…”

Design and Evaluation of an Online Squat Fitness System: Lessons Learned During the Early COVID-19 Pandemic in Japan

“…Moreover, time spent sitting (sedentary time) as well as insufficient PA, is reported to increase the risk for functional decline and muscle mass loss ( 47 ). According to the results from ( 48 ), the proportion of sedentary time for the middle-aged population is higher than that for the old population, both, for men and women, in Japan. Therefore, it is speculated that, although middle-aged people have more muscle power than older people, too much time spent sitting impairs the ability of PA.…”