Sedative, cardiovascular, haematologic and biochemical effects of four different drug combinations administered intramuscularly in cats

Evaluation of three chemical immobilization protocols in golden‐headed lion tamarins (Leontopithecus chrysomelas) undergoing vasectomy surgery

“…In the present study, all the animals that received dexmedetomidine presented a calm and smooth recovery; however, 30% of the animals from group SKM presented incoordination and light excitation during recovery, as seen in the literature . Contrary to what is seen in this study, another report observed undesirable effects, such as sialorrhea, muscle spasms, tearing, and abnormal lung sounds in the animals that received the association of ketamine/dexmedetomidine .…”

“…As in the present study, a report with capuchin monkeys did not see a statistical difference as for the latency period of the associations, even when using doses of 5 μg/kg of dexmedetomidine . Cats treated with dexmedetomidine presented a longer recovery period, but with better quality, smoother, and with better movement control . Some studies show that ketamine S(+) presented a better clearance and, consequently, lower effective period and a faster anesthetic recovery …”

Administration of certain sedative drugs is associated with variation in sonographic and radiographic splenic size in healthy cats

“…While hematocrit significantly decreased post‐sedation for cats having received each sedative drug or drug combination aside from butorphanol, the cats with the greatest decrease in hematocrit were not the cats with the most significant increase in splenic size. Therefore, red blood cell sequestration in the spleen is likely not the sole mechanism responsible and sequestration of red blood cells in non‐splenic sites is also considered …”

“…The mechanism behind drug‐induced splenomegaly is not completely understood, but is thought to be at least in part due to splenic capsule smooth muscle relaxation allowing accumulation of red blood cells in the spleen . A study evaluating the effects of four different drug combinations in cats, including dexmedetomidine, butorphanol, midazolam, and ketamine, found that packed‐cell volume decreased significantly following sedation . The authors hypothesized that sympathetic activity during sedation may lead to pooling of the circulating red blood cells in the spleen or other vascular reservoirs …”

Comparison of anesthesia with fully reversible dexmedetomidine-butorphanol-midazolam versus ketamine-midazolam in captive Asian small-clawed otters (Aonyx cinereus)

“…14,15,31 However, this result should be interpreted with caution, considering that we did not measure MAP before the second 15-minute period of anesthesia, and during dexmedetomidinebutorphanol-midazolam anesthesia, the earliest measured MAPs were significantly higher than when measured subsequently. 14,15,31 However, this result should be interpreted with caution, considering that we did not measure MAP before the second 15-minute period of anesthesia, and during dexmedetomidinebutorphanol-midazolam anesthesia, the earliest measured MAPs were significantly higher than when measured subsequently.…”