Sedative and cardiovascular effects of romifidine, alone and in combination with butorphanol, in the horse

Clarke, K.W.; England, G. C. W.; Goossens, L.

doi:10.1111/j.1467-2995.1991.tb00008.x

Cited by 84 publications

(83 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…However pH values remained within physiologically normal limits. An increase in pH has not been reported previously after single doses of the different alpha 2 -adrenergic agonists (Clarke et al, 1991;Bueno et al, 1999;Yamashita et al, 2000;Freeman et al, 2002;Bettschart-Wolfensberger et al, 2005) or during CRI of medetomidine and detomidine (Daunt et al, 1993;Bettschart-Wolfensberger et al, 1999;van Dijk et al, 2003) in horses. Conversely, a decrease in pH in face of an increase in HCO À 3 was reported during a CRI of medetomidine-morphine (Solano et al, 2009).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 76%

Blood glucose, acid–base and electrolyte changes during loading doses of alpha2-adrenergic agonists followed by constant rate infusions in horses

Ringer¹,

Schwarzwald²,

Portier³

et al. 2013

The Veterinary Journal

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The aim of the present study was to investigate changes in blood glucose concentration ([Glu]B), acid-base status and electrolyte concentrations during constant rate infusions (CRI) of two alpha2-adrenergic agonists in seven horses treated in a blinded, randomised, crossover design with xylazine or romifidine. An intravenous (IV) bolus of xylazine (1mg/kg) or romifidine (80g/kg) was administered followed by an IV CRI of xylazine (0.69mg/kg/h) or romifidine (30g/kg/h) for 2h. Blood samples were collected from the pulmonary artery before and after loading doses, during the CRI, and for 1h after discontinuing drugs. Blood glucose, base excess (BE), pH, partial pressure of carbon dioxide (Pv¯CO2), strong ion difference (SIDest) and bicarbonate concentration ( [Formula: see text] ) increased significantly during the CRI with both alpha2-adrenergic agonists. Chloride concentration ([Cl-]B) and anion-gap (AG) decreased significantly compared to baseline. The decrease in sodium concentration ([Na+]B) was only significant with xylazine. From 1h after starting the CRI onwards, [Glu]B was significantly higher with romifidine compared to xylazine. Except [Glu]B, SIDest, and Pv¯CO2, all variables returned to normal values 1h after discontinuing xylazine. After stopping romifidine, all variables except pH remained altered for at least 1h. It was concluded that loading doses of alpha2-adrenergic agonists followed by CRIs produce [Glu]B, acid-base and electrolyte changes. The clinical significance of the reported changes remains to be investigated and absolute values should be interpreted with caution, as fluid boli were used for cardiac output measurements, but may become important during prolonged infusion and in critically ill patients. a b s t r a c tThe aim of the present study was to investigate changes in blood glucose concentration ([Glu] B ), acidbase status and electrolyte concentrations during constant rate infusions (CRI) of two alpha 2 -adrenergic agonists in seven horses treated in a blinded, randomised, crossover design with xylazine or romifidine.An intravenous (IV) bolus of xylazine (1 mg/kg) or romifidine (80 lg/kg) was administered followed by an IV CRI of xylazine (0.69 mg/kg/h) or romifidine (30 lg/kg/h) for 2 h. Blood samples were collected from the pulmonary artery before and after loading doses, during the CRI, and for 1 h after discontinuing drugs. Blood glucose, base excess (BE), pH, partial pressure of carbon dioxide (P vCO 2 ), strong ion difference (SID est ) and bicarbonate concentration (½HCO It was concluded that loading doses of alpha 2 -adrenergic agonists followed by CRIs produce [Glu] B , acid-base and electrolyte changes. The clinical significance of the reported changes remains to be investigated and absolute values should be interpreted with caution, as fluid boli were used for cardiac output measurements, but may become important during prolonged infusion and in critically ill patients.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 76%

Blood glucose, acid–base and electrolyte changes during loading doses of alpha2-adrenergic agonists followed by constant rate infusions in horses

Ringer¹,

Schwarzwald²,

Portier³

et al. 2013

The Veterinary Journal

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“…Impaired arterial blood oxygenation has been reported during sedation of horses with romifidine alone or in combination with butorphanol (Clarke et al. 1991).…”

Section: Sedationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of acepromazine on pulmonary gas exchange and circulation during sedation and dissociative anaesthesia in horses

Marntell

Nyman

Funkquist

et al. 2005

Veterinary Anaesthesia and Analgesia

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“…Hypotension is a result of centrally mediated effects on sympathetic tone that may be apparent after the initial peripheral vasoconstrictive effects pass [2,8-10]. This phenomenon is also observed during the administration of other α 2 agonists [11,12]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A comparison of medetomidine and its active enantiomer dexmedetomidine when administered with ketamine in mice

et al. 2013

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BackgroundMedetomidine-ketamine (MK) and dexmedetomidine-ketamine (DK) are widely used to provide general anaesthesia in laboratory animals, but have not been compared directly in many of these species, including rodents. This study aimed to compare the onset and depth of anaesthesia, and changes in vital signs, after intraperitoneal (IP) or subcutaneous (SC) administration of ketamine (75 mg kg-1) combined with medetomidine (1 mg kg-1) or dexmedetomidine (0.5 mg kg-1) using a randomised semi-crossover design with ≥ 48 hours between treatments in 10 male and 10 female mice. Each mouse was anaesthetised twice using the same administration route (IP or SC): once with each drug-ketamine combination. Anaesthetised mice were monitored on a heating pad without supplemental oxygen for 89 minutes; atipamezole was administered for reversal. The times that the righting reflex was lost post-injection and returned post-reversal were analysed using general linear models. Tail-pinch and pedal reflexes were examined using binomial generalized linear models. Pulse rate (PR), respiratory rate (fr), and arterial haemoglobin saturation (SpO2) were compared using generalized additive mixed models.ResultsThere were no significant differences among treatments for the times taken for loss and return of the righting reflex, or response of the tail-pinch reflex. The pedal withdrawal reflex was abolished more frequently with MK than DK over time (P = 0.021). The response of PR and SpO2 were similar among treatments, but fr was significantly higher with MK than DK (P ≤ 0.0005). Markedly low SpO2 concentrations occurred within 5 minutes post-injection (83.8 ± 6.7%) in all treatment groups and were most severe after 89 minutes lapsed (66.7 ± 7.5%). No statistical differences were detected in regards to administration route (P ≤ 0.94).ConclusionsThis study failed to demonstrate clinical advantages of the enantiomer dexmedetomidine over medetomidine when combined with ketamine to produce general anaesthesia in mice. At the doses administered, deep surgical anaesthesia was not consistently produced with either combination; therefore, anaesthetic depth must be assessed before performing surgical procedures. Supplemental oxygen should always be provided during anaesthesia to prevent hypoxaemia.

show abstract

Sedative and cardiovascular effects of romifidine, alone and in combination with butorphanol, in the horse

Cited by 84 publications

References 10 publications

Blood glucose, acid–base and electrolyte changes during loading doses of alpha2-adrenergic agonists followed by constant rate infusions in horses

Blood glucose, acid–base and electrolyte changes during loading doses of alpha2-adrenergic agonists followed by constant rate infusions in horses

Effects of acepromazine on pulmonary gas exchange and circulation during sedation and dissociative anaesthesia in horses

A comparison of medetomidine and its active enantiomer dexmedetomidine when administered with ketamine in mice

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