Sedative and antinociceptive effects of dexmedetomidine and buprenorphine after oral transmucosal or intramuscular administration in cats

Pharmacokinetics of oral transmucosal and intramuscular dexmedetomidine combined with buprenorphine in cats

“…The taste of OTM administered drugs will also influence the degree of absorption. Adverse effects (resentment to administration and salivation) observed in the PD study (Porters et al ., ) and the present study are likely to be caused by the preservative 0.135% chlorocresol in Vetergesic Multidose ® . Hence, preservative‐free buprenorphine is preferable for OTM administration to prevent adverse reactions (Bortolami et al ., ).…”

“…Vomiting and salivation were also observed, but not recorded in this study. Observed adverse reactions were comparable to the ones reported in the PD study on the identical drug combination (Porters et al ., ).…”

“…To facilitate clinical interpretation of differences in sedative and analgesic effects of this combination following OTM and i.m. administration, a pharmacodynamic (PD) study (Porters et al ., ) and the present pharmacokinetic (PK) study were performed in adult experimental cats.…”

Evaluation and comparison of xylazine hydrochloride and dexmedetomidine hydrochloride for the induction of emesis in cats: 47 cases (2007–2013)

“…13 Dexmedetomidine, an enantiomer of medetomidine, has been reported to cause vomiting in cats that received the medication at various doses for anesthesia and sedation. [14][15][16][17][18][19] Additionally, dexmedetomidine has been found to be approximately twice as potent as medetomidine. 14 The use of dexmedetomidine hydrochloride as an emetic agent in cats in clinical and research settings has been infrequently reported.…”

Antinociceptive effects of three escalating dexmedetomidine and lignocaine constant rate infusions in conscious horses

“…Antinociception with dexmedetomidine is mediated primarily through α-2a receptors in the spinal cord (Yaksh, 1985;Takano and Yaksh, 1991;Guo et al, 1996;Zhao et al, 2013), but an effect within the locus coeruleus also produces antinociception (Guo et al, 1996;Funai et al, 2013). The antinociceptive effect of dexmedetomidine has been reported in dogs (Valtolina et al, 2009;van Oostrom et al, 2011) and cats (Slingsby et al, 2009(Slingsby et al, , 2010Porters et al, 2014) but not in conscious horses.…”