Currently, in experimental and clinical studies of critical states, scientists attend to the issues of protecting and preserving the functions of vital organs and systems. The pharmacological aspects of organoprotection with various drugs are considered separately. In this question, a<sub>2</sub>-adrenoreceptor agonists are of the greatest interest. The study is devoted to the analysis of domestic and foreign literature covering the efficacy of using dexmedetomidine adrenergic mimetic, its mechanisms of action and organ-preventive properties in ECMO patients with organic and mental disorders. Formulated aspects need to study the use of this drug in order to prevent neuro-cognitive and organ dysfunction in surgical and therapeutic patients who are in intensive care units.