Sedation of Children for Electroencephalograms

Olson, Donald M.; Sheehan, Maureen G.; Thompson, William C.; Hall, P; Hahn, Jin S.

doi:10.1542/peds.108.1.163

Cited by 67 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…In some instances EEGs were impossible to record due to an uncooperative child and in other instances the EEG was impossible to draw any conclusions from because of movement/muscle artefacts and as a consequence high impedance electrode artefacts. In literature reviews unsuccessful EEGs in children has been reported in 4-9% of the recordings which is within the limits of our observations (DeRoos et al, 2009;Olson et al, 2001;Wassmer et al, 2001b). Sander et al (2012) reported more artefacts and higher number of unsuccessful EEGs, but still not significant, in children who got melatonin prior to EEG in comparison with those who were sleep deprived.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Occurrence of epileptiform discharges and sleep during EEG recordings in children after melatonin intake versus sleep-deprivation

Gustafsson

Broström

Ulander

et al. 2015

Clinical Neurophysiology

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Occurrence of epileptiform discharges and sleep during EEG recordings in children after melatonin intake versus sleep-deprivation

Gustafsson

Broström

Ulander

et al. 2015

Clinical Neurophysiology

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“…Interestingly, waveforms recorded by scalp electroencephalogram are similar to those of cortical electroencephalogram. Some studies have also shown that chloral hydrate has little impact on the electroencephalogram waveform at a sedative dose[6566]. Therefore, we selected scalp electroencephalogram over cortical electroencephalogram in the present study.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increased expression of Notch1 in temporal lobe epilepsy: animal models and clinical evidence

et al. 2014

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Temporal lobe epilepsy is associated with astrogliosis. Notch1 signaling can induce astrogliosis in glioma. However, it remains unknown whether Notch1 signaling is involved in the pathogenesis of epilepsy. This study investigated the presence of Notch1, hairy and enhancer of split-1, and glial fibrillary acidic protein in the temporal neocortex and hippocampus of lithium-pilocarpine-treated rats. The presence of Notch1 and hairy and enhancer of split-1 was also explored in brain tissues of patients with intractable temporal lobe epilepsy. Quantitative electroencephalogram analysis and behavioral observations were used as auxiliary measures. Results revealed that the presence of Notch1, hairy and enhancer of split-1, and glial fibrillary acidic protein were enhanced in status epilepticus and vehicle-treated spontaneous recurrent seizures rats, but remain unchanged in the following groups: control, absence of either status epilepticus or spontaneous recurrent seizures, and zileuton-treated spontaneous recurrent seizures. Compared with patient control cases, the presences of Notch1 and hairy and enhancer of split-1 were upregulated in the temporal neocortex of patients with intractable temporal lobe epilepsy. Therefore, these results suggest that Notch1 signaling may play an important role in the onset of temporal lobe epilepsy via astrogliosis. Furthermore, zileuton may be a potential therapeutic strategy for temporal lobe epilepsy by blocking Notch1 signaling.

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“…Thus, adverse event rates for procedural sedation range from 0% to 20.1%. [20][21][22][23][25][26][27][29][30][34][35][36][37][38][39][40] One study demonstrated the safety and the efficacy of sedation in 405 children who underwent echocardiography. 31 Adverse events included oxygen desaturation (6%), vomiting (6%), and paradoxic agitation (1.9%).…”

Section: Adverse Events and Risk Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chloral Hydrate Sedation for Pediatric Echocardiography: Physiologic Responses, Adverse Events, and Risk Factors

Heistein

Ramaciotti²,

Scott³

et al. 2006

Pediatrics

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OBJECTIVE. The physiologic responses to chloral hydrate sedation in the setting of a pediatric echocardiography laboratory have not been well documented; neither has the population at risk been identified adequately. The purpose of this study was to describe the physiologic responses to chloral hydrate sedation, to report the occurrence of adverse events, and to identify any risk factors that predicted these adverse events in children who underwent sedation for echocardiography at our institution.METHODS. We analyzed retrospectively 1095 patients who were sedated for echocardiography. Vital signs and oxygen saturations were recorded every 5 minutes, and adverse events were noted. Potential risk factors for sedation-related adverse events were analyzed.RESULTS. Thirty-eight percent of patients were classified as American Society of Anesthesiologists class 3 or 4, reflecting the significant comorbidity in the study population. Hemodynamic responses to chloral hydrate sedation included Ն20% decreases in heart rate (24% of the patients) and blood pressure (59% of the patients). There were no deaths or permanent morbidity. Adverse events occurred in 10.8% of patients and included apnea (n ϭ 3 [0.3%]), airway obstruction (n ϭ 15 [1.4%]), hypoxia (n ϭ 65 [5.9%]), hypercarbia (n ϭ 40 of 603 [6.6%]), hypotension with poor perfusion (n ϭ 4 [0.4%]), vomiting (n ϭ 4 [0.4%]), and prolonged sedation (n ϭ 36 [3.3%]). No intervention was required in 92.5%, minor interventions were necessary in 7%, and major interventions were required in 0.5% of all patients. Multivariate analysis identified only age younger than 6 months as a predictor for adverse events, whereas cyanosis, hospitalization, American Society of Anesthesiologists class, fasting time, oxygen requirement, and use of additional sedation were not predictors.CONCLUSIONS. Moderate decreases in heart rate and blood pressure, in the absence of clinical deterioration, are expected responses to chloral hydrate sedation in this www.pediatrics.org/cgi

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Sedation of Children for Electroencephalograms

Abstract: Sedation of children who are undergoing EEG examinations is effective and safe. Complications are infrequent. The need for sedation can be decreased greatly by adequate preparation and by creating a less-threatening, child-friendly environment in which to perform the study.

Cited by 67 publications

References 13 publications

Occurrence of epileptiform discharges and sleep during EEG recordings in children after melatonin intake versus sleep-deprivation

Occurrence of epileptiform discharges and sleep during EEG recordings in children after melatonin intake versus sleep-deprivation

Increased expression of Notch1 in temporal lobe epilepsy: animal models and clinical evidence

Chloral Hydrate Sedation for Pediatric Echocardiography: Physiologic Responses, Adverse Events, and Risk Factors

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