“…4, the key issues of RA in traditional HetNets (e.g., TDMA) are optimal power allocation (i.e., power control, RA), user association (i.e., the user uses which BS to communicate) and bandwidth allocation. [59] Fairness [49], [63] Mean rate [51] Distributed algorithm [63] Water-filling [51], Match theory [56] Macro-small [53], [58], [63] allocate power [48]- [63] Secrecy rate [54] Centralized algorithm (others) Iteration algorithm [55], [58], [63] Macro-femto [56], [60]- [62] bandwidth [48], [58] EE [52], [55], [57], [58], [60]- [62] Imperfect CSI [59]- [61] Convex optimization [48], [52]- [54], [59]- [62] Macro-pico [50]- [52], [54], [55], [57] User association [49], [51], [53], [55] Throughput, rate [48]- [50],…”