Securitizing ‘climate refugees’: the futurology of climate-induced migration

Baldwin, Andrew; Methmann, Chris; Rothe, Delf

doi:10.1080/21624887.2014.943570

Cited by 75 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Hadi, ; Siddiqui, ; Khatri, ; Massey et al, ; Black et al, ; Warner, ; Deshingkar, ). The majority of the experts' views also match well with the critiquing literature on massive flows of ‘climate change refugees’ indicating subtleties and nuances regarding the understanding of migration movements (Gibb and Ford, ; Hartmann, ; Bettini, ; Baldwin, ; Baldwin et al, ). These are important contributions because much is written about environmental change, vulnerability and migration for South Asia, especially with respect to Bangladesh and sea‐level rise, but such contributions, especially the most well‐known ones, predominantly come from scholars from outside these countries and mainly from more affluent countries.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 60%

Local expert experiences and perceptions of environmentally induced migration from Bangladesh to India

Stojanov

Boas

Kelman

et al. 2017

Asia Pacific Viewpoint

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This study investigates local expert perceptions of the role of environmental factors, especially in terms of contemporary climate change, in population movements from Bangladesh to India. The aim is to delve into locally held understandings of the phenomenon and to gain a better understanding of these migration processes, which are actively intertwined with local experiences. Both Indian and Bangladeshi experts were interviewed using semi-structured, in-depth interviews in order to explore insights from locally held perceptions and understandings of contextual factors. In total, 10 Bangladeshi and 15 Indian experts were interviewed, covering different disciplines, sectors, regions and job types, together providing a more complete and grounded picture of views of environmentally induced migration in Bangladesh and India. The results show that climate change is perceived by local experts as one of the key factors influencing migration in Bangladesh, both internally and externally. The interviewees, however, placed environmentally induced migration in a broader context of labour and economic migration. In particular, migration for environmental reasons in Bangladesh was evident long before the emergence of climate change as an issue. According to the interviewed experts, this does not preclude increased environmentally induced migration within and from Bangladesh in the future, but its analyses ought to be placed in historical and economical contexts.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 60%

Local expert experiences and perceptions of environmentally induced migration from Bangladesh to India

Stojanov

Boas

Kelman

et al. 2017

Asia Pacific Viewpoint

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“…While structuralist analyses typically seek to understand the development and consequences of climate security discourse, agency‐based analyses intend to capture discourse by specific actors. By contrast, critical approaches usually problematize the effects of discourse on climate security, especially for marginalized groups such as irregular migrants . Empirical evidence comes mostly from the EU and the UNSC, with fewer contributions focusing on other IGOs with a mandate in defense such as NATO, the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS), and the Arctic Council …”

Section: Igo Responses and Their Effectivenessmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intergovernmental organizations and climate security: advancing the research agenda

Dellmuth

Gustafsson

Bremberg

et al. 2017

WIREs Climate Change

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Climate-related security challenges are transnational in character, leading states to increasingly rely on intergovernmental organizations (IGOs)-such as the European Union and the North-Atlantic Treaty Organization-for policy solutions. While climate security issues do not typically fit comfortably within the mandates of existing IGOs, recent decades have seen increasing efforts by IGOs to link climate change and security. This article reviews existing studies on IGOs' responses to climate security challenges. It draws together research from several bodies of literature spanning political science, international relations, and environmental social science, identifying an emerging field of research revolving around IGOs and climate security. We observe significant advancement in this young field, with scholars extending and enriching our understanding of how and why IGOs address climate security challenges. Yet we still know little about the conditions under which IGOs respond to climate security challenges and when they do so effectively. This article discusses the main gaps in current work and makes some suggestions about how these gaps may be usefully addressed in future research. A better understanding of the conditions under which IGOs respond (effectively) to climate security challenges would contribute to broader debates on climate security, institutional change, and effectiveness in international relations and environmental social science, and may facilitate crafting effective global solutions to society's most intractable climate security challenges.© 2017 The Authors. WIREs Climate Change published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. How to cite this article:WIREs Clim Change 2018, 9:e496. doi: 10.1002/wcc.496 INTRODUCTION S ocieties worldwide are currently being confronted by a new class of security challenges posed by climate change. Climate change is undermining the security of states and people in ways that are unprecedented in complexity and spatial reach. 1 Although there is ongoing academic debate about the causal linkages from climate change to conflict, [2][3][4][5][6] researchers and policymakers widely agree that climate change has exacerbated existing vulnerabilities in already unstable regions by shaping social, The copyright line in this article was changed on 22 January 2018 after online publication. Conflict of interest:The authors have declared no conflicts of interest for this article. political, and economic circumstances. [7][8][9][10] As climate security challenges are typically transnational in character, states are increasingly relying on intergovernmental organizations (IGOs) such as the European Union (EU), the North-Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), and the United Nations Security Council (UNSC), that is, formal, multilateral, or bureaucratic arrangements established to further cooperation among states (Ref 11,, for policy solutions. [12][13][14][15][16] Research on the mandates, behavior, and effectiveness of IGOs in addressing climate security challenges has burgeoned in response. ...

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“…The Postcards from the Future can be understood as part of a broader construction in public and political debate of depoliticised migrants or refugees denied specific subjectivities (see Farbotko 2010;Bettini 2013;Baldwin et al 2014). The very object of a 'climate refugee' is a contested onea form of subjectivity rapidly gaining legitimacy (most notably in recent debates about the European Union's policies towards refugees fleeing conflict in Syria) while at the same time being challenged by those to whom it is ascribed (McNamara and Gibson 2009;Farbotko and Lazrus 2012;Chaturvedi and Doyle 2015).…”

Section: Postcards From the Migrantmentioning

confidence: 99%

Picturing the future‐conditional: montage and the global geographies of climate change

Mahony

2016

Geography and Environment

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A growing body of work has explored the effects of visual imagery on shifting forms of environmental consciousness and politics. Circulating images of, for example, the 'whole Earth' have been ascribed agency in the emergence of new forms of planetary awareness and political globalism. This essay identifies a new form of global environmental image, in the shape of photographic montage depictions of future places transformed by the effects of climate change. Montage enables artists and designers to import the spatial formations of distant places into more familiar locations, in the process producing novel renderings of the interconnections of global environmental change. The future-conditional -'if x, then y' -has become a key register of scientific and artistic engagement with climate change, and practices of visual montage have offered means of reconciling the transformations of space and time in the imagination of putative futures. The essay situates such images within a longer lineage of depictions of the tropical and the ruined, and focuses on contemporary montage depictions of climate-change-induced migration. It argues that many of these 'global montages' problematically reinforce extant notions of geographical otherness. Yet montage, as a technique, also renders visible the choices, cuts, juxtapositions and arguments which lie behind any representation, thus offering the seed of a more reflexive mode of future-conditional image-making.

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Securitizing ‘climate refugees’: the futurology of climate-induced migration

Cited by 75 publications

References 23 publications

Local expert experiences and perceptions of environmentally induced migration from Bangladesh to India

Local expert experiences and perceptions of environmentally induced migration from Bangladesh to India

Intergovernmental organizations and climate security: advancing the research agenda

Picturing the future‐conditional: montage and the global geographies of climate change

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