“…Privacy protection is an important issue that needs to be addressed in smart grids. Many solutions have been proposed for privacy protection (Fan et al, 2013;Abdallah and Shen, 2014;Li et al, 2014;Li et al, 2015;Abdallah and Shen, 2018;Gong et al, 2018;Guo et al, 2018;Vincent et al, 2018;Fan et al, 2020;Hua et al, 2020;Song et al, 2020;Wei et al, 2020;Qian et al, 2021;Roozbeh et al, 2021;Zhang et al, 2022a;Baghestani et al, 2022;Zhang et al, 2022b;Mall et al, 2022;Nyangaresi, 2022;Sadhukhan et al, 2022;Sani et al, 2022;Zhao et al, 2022;Cao et al, 2023;Deng et al, 2023;Hu et al, 2023;Verma et al, 2023;Zhang and Dong, 2023), mainly focusing on data aggregation. Compared to other methods, data aggregation performs the best.…”