Secure and Sustainable Sourcing of Plant Tissues for the Exhaustive Exploration of Their Chemodiversity

Abstract

The main challenge of plant chemical diversity exploration is how to develop tools to study exhaustively plant tissues. Their sustainable sourcing is a limitation as bioguided strategies and dereplication need quite large amounts of plant material. We examine if alternative solutions could overcome these difficulties by obtaining a secure, sustainable, and scalable source of tissues able to biosynthesize an array of metabolites. As this approach would be as independent of the botanical origin as possible, we chose eight plant species from different families. We applied a four steps culture establishment procedure, monitoring targeted compounds through mass spectrometry-based analytical methods. We also characterized the capacities of leaf explants in culture to produce diverse secondary metabolites. In vitro cultures were successfully established for six species with leaf explants still producing a diversity of compounds after the culture establishment procedure. Furthermore, explants from leaves of axenic plantlets were also analyzed. The detection of marker compounds was confirmed after six days in culture for all tested species. Our results show that the first stage of this approach aiming at easing exploration of plant chemodiversity was completed, and leaf tissues could offer an interesting alternative providing a constant source of natural compounds.

Chemical Composition of Leaves, Stem, and Roots of Peperomia pellucida (L.) Kunth

“…Isoschaftoside was characterized based on a mirror plot on the GNPS considering all fragments shown in Table 1 and also losses of a portion of hexose (see Figure 2 ) were confirmed to fragments of m / z 469 ( 0,4 X 1 ), 439 ( 0,3 X 1 ), and 379 ( 0,2 X 1 ) from the ion of m / z 499. Compound 3 was previously reported by our group in P. Pellucida [ 42 ] and the same hexose fragmentations were observed to product ions of m/z 455 ( 0,4 X 1 ), 425 ( 0,3 X 1 ), and 395 ( 0,2 X 1 ) likely results from 515 m / z . The flavonoids cluster can be seen in Figure 3 .…”

“…To benzene derivatives, peak 8, of m / z 387.1773 was isolated and reported by us in previous reports [ 42 ]. Furthermore, we predict the same structure (see Figure 3 ) using SIRIUS and it is a dimeric ArC2 [ 43 ] named pellucidin B trimethoxy-substituted.…”

Feature-Based Molecular Network-Guided Dereplication of Natural Bioactive Products from Leaves of Stryphnodendron pulcherrimum (Willd.) Hochr

“…Compounds 1 , 4 , 6 , 13 , 24 , 31 , 42 and 45 have been previously reported in the genus Stryphnodendron . Gallic acid ( 1 ), (epi)gallocatechin ( 6 ), (epi)gallocatechin gallate ( 13 ), myricitrin ( 31 ) and myricetin ( 42 ) were reported previously in the species by our group [ 49 ]. To the best of our knowledge, 44 of these compounds are reported herein for the first time in the species Stryphnodendron pulcherrimum and 41 are described for the first time in the genus.…”

“…These compounds were subdivided into three groups based on their structural characteristics, independent of their retention times, namely: Group 1 of gallic acid derivatives ( 1 , 2 , 8–11 , 14 , 15 , 21 , 25 , 26 , 32 , 38 , 43 , 44 ), Group 2 of flavan-3-ol derivatives ( 3 , 4 , 6 , 7 , 12 , 13 , 16 , 18 , 22 , 24 ) and Group 3 of flavone derivatives ( 5 , 17 , 19 , 20 , 23 , 27–31 , 33–37 , 39–42 , 45–49 ). Gallic acid ( 1 ), gallocatechin ( 4 ), (epi)gallocatechin ( 6 ), (epi)gallocatechin gallate ( 13 ), 3- O -galloyl-4′- O -methylepigallocatechin ( 24 ), myricitrin ( 31 ), myricetin ( 42 ) and luteolin-4′- O -glucoside ( 45 ) have been previously reported in the genus Stryphnodendron [ 14 , 15 , 17 , 23 , 24 , 29 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 , 49 ]. Among them, gallic acid ( 1 ), (epi)gallocatechin ( 6 ), (epi)gallocatechin gallate ( 13 ), myricitrin ( 31 ) and myricetin ( 42 ) have been reported in S. pulcherrimum [ 49 ].…”

“…These compounds were subdivided into three groups based on their structural characteristics, independent of their retention times, namely: Group 1 of gallic acid derivatives ( 4), (epi)gallocatechin ( 6), (epi)gallocatechin gallate ( 13), 3-O-galloyl-4 -O-methylepigallocatechin (24), myricitrin (31), myricetin (42) and luteolin-4 -O-glucoside (45) have been previously reported in the genus Stryphnodendron [14,15,17,23,24,29,[41][42][43][44][45][46]49]. Among them, gallic acid (1), (epi)gallocatechin ( 6), (epi)gallocatechin gallate (13), myricitrin (31) and myricetin (42) have been reported in S. pulcherrimum [49]. To the best of our knowledge, 44 of these compounds are reported herein for the first time for S. pulcherrimum and 41 for the genus.…”