Secure and Efficient Blockchain-Based Certificateless Authentication Scheme for Vehicular Ad-Hoc Networks (VANETs)

Mukathe, Kirima Daniel; Wu, Di; Ahmed, Waheeb

doi:10.1109/icaml57167.2022.00065

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Proof-of-Concepts Various concepts of CLC-based solutions have been proposed, such as for authentication [41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53][54][55][56][57][58], aggregated signing [44,[59][60][61][62][63][64], key agreement [65,66], and signcryption [67][68][69][70][71][72][73]. However, common for these proposals is that they have either been tested in a controller lab environment [42,47,48,59,64,74]…”

Section: Gaps Description Going Forwardmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Gap Analysis of the Adoption Maturity of Certificateless Cryptography in Cooperative Intelligent Transportation Systems

Salin,

Lundgren

2023

JCP

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Cooperative Intelligent Transport Systems (C-ITSs) are an important development for society. C-ITSs enhance road safety, improve traffic efficiency, and promote sustainable transportation through interconnected and intelligent communication between vehicles, infrastructure, and traffic-management systems. Many real-world implementations still consider traditional Public Key Infrastructures (PKI) as the underlying trust model and security control. However, there are challenges with the PKI-based security control from a scalability and revocation perspective. Lately, certificateless cryptography has gained research attention, also in conjunction with C-ITSs, making it a new type of security control to be considered. In this study, we use certificateless cryptography as a candidate to investigate factors affecting decisions (not) to adopt new types of security controls, and study its current gaps, key challenges and possible enablers which can influence the industry. We provide a qualitative study with industry specialists in C-ITSs, combined with a literature analysis of the current state of research in certificateless cryptographic in C-ITS. It was found that only 53% of the current certificateless cryptography literature for C-ITSs in 2022–2023 provide laboratory testing of the protocols, and 0% have testing in real-world settings. However, the trend of research output in the field has been increasing linearly since 2016 with more than eight times as many articles in 2022 compared to 2016. Based on our analysis, using a five-phased Innovation-Decision Model, we found that key reasons affecting adoption are: availability of proof-of-concepts, knowledge beyond current best practices, and a strong buy-in from both stakeholders and standardization bodies.

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Section: Gaps Description Going Forwardmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Gap Analysis of the Adoption Maturity of Certificateless Cryptography in Cooperative Intelligent Transportation Systems

Salin,

Lundgren

2023

JCP

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“…BDESF-ITS integrates smoothly with existing transportation systems. BDESF-ITS is a strong security mechanism for DLT applications to transportation security and privacy [24]. However, Practical Byzantine Fault Tolerance (PBFT) is suggested to be used in such a framework which will burden the network with the redundancy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

FlexiChain 3.0: Distributed Ledger Technology-Based Intelligent Transportation for Vehicular Digital Asset Exchange in Smart Cities

Alkhodair

Mohanty

Kougianos

2023

Sensors

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Due to the enormous amounts of data being generated between users, Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) are complex Cyber-Physical Systems that necessitate a reliable and safe infrastructure. Internet of Vehicles (IoV) is the term that describes the interconnection for every single node, device, sensor, and actuator that are Internet enabled, whether attached or unattached to vehicles. A single smart vehicle will generate a huge amount of data. Concurrently, it needs an instant response to avoid accidents since vehicles are fast-moving objects. In this work, we explore Distributed Ledger Technology (DLT) and collect data about consensus algorithms and their applicability to be used in the IoV as the backbone of ITS. Multiple distributed ledger networks are currently in operation. Some are used in finance or supply chains, and others are used for general decentralized applications. Despite the secure and decentralized nature of the blockchain, each of these networks has trade-offs and compromises. Based on the analysis of consensus algorithms, a conclusion has been made to design one that fits the requirements of ITS-IOV. FlexiChain 3.0 is proposed in this work to serve as a Layer0 network for different stakeholders in the IoV. A time analysis has been conducted and shows a capacity of 2.3 transactions per second, which is an acceptable speed to be used in IoV. Moreover, a security analysis was conducted as well and shows high security and high independence of the node number in terms of security level per the number of participants.

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“…BDESF-ITS integrates smoothly with existing transportation systems. BDESF-ITS is a strong security mechanism DLT Based for transportation security and privacy [150]. However, PBFT is suggested to be used in such a framework which will burden the network with the redundancy.…”

Section: Category Attack-4 (Brute Force)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Scalable Next Generation Blockchains for Large Scale Complex Cyber-Physical Systems and Their Embedded Systems in Smart Cities

Alkhodair

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The original FlexiChain and its descendants are a revolutionary distributed ledger technology (DLT) for cyber-physical systems (CPS) and their embedded systems (ES). FlexiChain, a DLT implementation, uses cryptography, distributed ledgers, peer-to-peer communications, scalable networks, and consensus. FlexiChain facilitates data structure agreements. This thesis offers a Block Directed Acyclic Graph (BDAG) architecture to link blocks to their forerunners to speed up validation. These data blocks are securely linked. This dissertation introduces Proof of Rapid Authentication, a novel consensus algorithm. This innovative method uses a distributed file to safely store a unique identifier (UID) based on node attributes to verify two blocks faster. This study also addresses CPS hardware security. A system of interconnected, user-unique identifiers allows each block's history to be monitored. This maintains each transaction and the validators who checked the block to ensure trustworthiness and honesty. We constructed a digital version that stays in sync with the distributed ledger as all nodes are linked by a NodeChain. The ledger is distributed without compromising node autonomy. Moreover, FlexiChain Layer 0 distributed ledger is also introduced and can connect and validate Layer 1 blockchains. This project produced a DAG-based blockchain integration platform with hardware security. The results illustrate a practical technique for creating a system depending on diverse applications' needs. This research's design and execution showed faster authentication, less cost, less complexity, greater scalability, higher interoperability, and reduced power consumption.

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Secure and Efficient Blockchain-Based Certificateless Authentication Scheme for Vehicular Ad-Hoc Networks (VANETs)

Cited by 4 publications

References 11 publications

A Gap Analysis of the Adoption Maturity of Certificateless Cryptography in Cooperative Intelligent Transportation Systems

A Gap Analysis of the Adoption Maturity of Certificateless Cryptography in Cooperative Intelligent Transportation Systems

FlexiChain 3.0: Distributed Ledger Technology-Based Intelligent Transportation for Vehicular Digital Asset Exchange in Smart Cities

Scalable Next Generation Blockchains for Large Scale Complex Cyber-Physical Systems and Their Embedded Systems in Smart Cities

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