Secular Trends in Alcohol Consumption over 50 Years: The Framingham Study

Zhang, Yuqing; Guo, Xinxin; Saitz, Richard; Levy, Daniel; Sartini, Emily C.; Niu, Jingbo; Ellison, R. Curtis

doi:10.1016/j.amjmed.2008.03.013

Cited by 43 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 20 publications

(16 reference statements)

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“…The size of the incidence data set for non-Hispanic Whites was large enough to allow further analyses using the same analytic methods described above by 10-year age group (20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25)(26)(27)(28)(29)(30)(31)(32)(33)(34)(35)(36)(37)(38)(39), and 40-49), stage at diagnosis, and anatomic subsite. Stage at diagnosis was coded according to SEER Summary Stage guidelines as local, regional, distant, and unstaged (8,11).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is unlikely that trends in alcohol use explain the recent increase in CRC among young adults because there has been a decline in alcohol consumption in the United States since 1981, both overall and among high school students (33)(34)(35). Despite transient increases in smoking prevalence within some birth cohorts since 1964, tobacco exposure is unlikely to have played a role in the recent increase in CRC incidence in young adults because of the requisite length (minimum 30 years) of the induction period (32,36).…”

Section: Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2009;18(6) June 2009mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Increase in Incidence of Colorectal Cancer Among Young Men and Women in the United States

Siegel

Jemal

Ward

2009

Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers &Amp; Prevention

431

355

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The recent, accelerated decline in colorectal cancer incidence rates has largely been attributed to an increase in screening rates among adults 50 years and older. We used data from 13 Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results cancer registries to report on colorectal cancer incidence trends from 1992 through 2005 among adults under age 50 years, for whom screening is not recommended for persons at average risk, by sex, race/ ethnicity, age, stage at diagnosis, and anatomic subsite. Overall, incidence rates of colorectal cancer per 100,000 young individuals (ages 20-49 years) increased 1.5% per year in men and 1.6% per year in women from 1992 to 2005. Among non-Hispanic Whites, rates increased for both men and women in each 10-year age grouping (20-29, 30-39, and 40-49 years) and for every stage of diagnosis. The increase in incidence among non-Hispanic Whites was predominantly driven by rectal cancer, for which there was an average increase of 3.5% per year in men and 2.9% per year in women over the 13-year study interval. In contrast to the overall decreasing trend in colorectal cancer incidence in the United States, rates are increasing among men and women under age 50 years. Further studies are necessary to elucidate causes for this trend and identify potential prevention and early detection strategies. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2009;18(6):1695-8)

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2009;18(6) June 2009mentioning

confidence: 99%

Increase in Incidence of Colorectal Cancer Among Young Men and Women in the United States

Siegel

Jemal

Ward

2009

Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers &Amp; Prevention

431

355

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Although it remains unclear whether an association between alcohol and thyroid cancer exists independently of smoking, there is also a need to investigate effect modification by sex, given the three-fold higher incidence of thyroid cancer in women compared with men (Jemal et al, 2008). Given the evidence of a possible association and a recent decrease in alcohol consumption in the United States (Zhang et al, 2008;Kerr et al, 2009), we analysed the association between alcohol intake and the risk of thyroid cancer and its sub-types in a large US prospective study of over 490 000 participants, including more than 292 000 men. …”

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confidence: 99%

Alcohol intake and risk of thyroid cancer in the NIH-AARP Diet and Health Study

et al. 2009

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BACKGROUND: Certain studies suggest that alcohol may reduce the risk of thyroid cancer in women, but the effect in men remains unclear. METHODS: We analysed the association between alcohol and thyroid cancer in a large (n ¼ 490 159) prospective NIH-AARP Diet and Health Study with self-reported beer, wine, and liquor intakes. RESULTS: Over 7.5 years of follow-up (median), 170 men and 200 women developed thyroid cancer. Overall, the thyroid cancer risk decreased with greater alcohol consumption (X2 drinks per day vs none, relative risk ¼ 0.57, 95% CI 0.36 -0.89, P-trend ¼ 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest a potential protective role for alcohol consumption in thyroid cancer. The rapid increase in thyroid cancer incidence in the United States over the past three decades may be related to changes in certain environmental exposures, as well as increased surveillance and more widespread use of sensitive diagnostic tools (Enewold et al, 2009). However, despite many retrospective studies, few risk factors have been established other than childhood exposure to ionizing radiation (Dal Maso et al, 2009).Certain studies have suggested an inverse association between alcohol and thyroid cancer risk, but this may be confounded by cigarette smoking, which is correlated with alcohol consumption and has been inversely related with thyroid cancer (Mack et al, 2003;Jee et al, 2004;Nagano et al, 2007). However, no association was observed in a pooled analysis of 14 case -control studies after adjusting for smoking (Mack et al, 2003), or in two prospective studies with fewer than 200 cases (Iribarren et al, 2001;Navarro Silvera et al, 2005), although these studies were consistent with a small reduction in risk. A larger prospective study in women (421 cases) showed a clear reduction in risk with greater alcohol consumption (Allen et al, 2009). Although it remains unclear whether an association between alcohol and thyroid cancer exists independently of smoking, there is also a need to investigate effect modification by sex, given the three-fold higher incidence of thyroid cancer in women compared with men (Jemal et al, 2008). Given the evidence of a possible association and a recent decrease in alcohol consumption in the United States (Zhang et al, 2008;Kerr et al, 2009), we analysed the association between alcohol intake and the risk of thyroid cancer and its sub-types in a large US prospective study of over 490 000 participants, including more than 292 000 men. MATERIALS AND METHODSThe NIH-AARP Diet and Health Study began in 1995 -1996 when a questionnaire was mailed to AARP members, aged 50 -71 years, residing in six US states (California, Florida, Louisiana, New Jersey, North Carolina, and Pennsylvania) and two metropolitan areas (Atlanta and Detroit; Schatzkin et al, 2001). Participant mailings and annual linkage to 11 state cancer registries and the National Death Index provide information on cancer and mortality outcomes. The NIH-AARP Study was approved by the special studies institutional review board of the US Nation...

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“…A recent national survey suggests that more than half of the population in the United States older than the age of 12 consumes alcohol (1) and the lifetime prevalence of alcohol abuse is 18% (2). Tragically, alcohol abuse is the third leading cause of preventable death in the United States (3), and alcoholism is associated with numerous chronic, nonfatal health implications.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Alcoholism Causes Alveolar Macrophage Zinc Deficiency and Immune Dysfunction

Mehta

Yeligar

Elon

et al. 2013

Am J Respir Crit Care Med

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Rationale: Alcohol use disorders cause oxidative stress in the lower airways and increase susceptibility to pneumonia and lung injury. Currently, no therapeutic options exist to mitigate the pulmonary consequences of alcoholism. Objectives: We recently determined in an animal model that alcohol ingestion impairs pulmonary zinc metabolism and causes alveolar macrophage immune dysfunction. The objective of this research is to determine the effects of alcoholism on zinc bioavailability and alveolar macrophage function in human subjects. Methods: We recruited otherwise healthy alcoholics (n ¼ 17) and matched control subjects (n ¼ 17) who underwent bronchoscopy for isolation of alveolar macrophages, which were analyzed for intracellular zinc, phagocytic function, and surface expression of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor receptor; all three of these indices are decreased in experimental models. Measurements and Main Results: Alcoholic subjects had normal serum zinc, but significantly decreased alveolar macrophage intracellular zinc levels (adjusted means [SE] Conclusions: These novel clinical findings provide evidence that alcohol abuse is associated with significant zinc deficiency and immune dysfunction within the alveolar space and suggest that dietary supplementation with zinc and glutathione precursors could enhance airway innate immunity and decrease the risk for pneumonia or lung injury in these vulnerable individuals.Keywords: alcohol abuse; alveolar macrophage; zinc; immunity; glutathione Alcohol use and abuse are prevalent and impose significant health burdens in society. A recent national survey suggests that more than half of the population in the United States older than the age of 12 consumes alcohol (1) and the lifetime prevalence of alcohol abuse is 18% (2). Tragically, alcohol abuse is the third leading cause of preventable death in the United States (3), and alcoholism is associated with numerous chronic, nonfatal health implications. The overall annual cost of alcohol abuse to American society has been estimated to be upward of $200 billion (4).The consequences of alcoholism span multiple organ systems, including the heart, liver, brain, and skeletal muscle (5, 6). Among these widespread effects, alcohol abuse renders individuals susceptible to pulmonary infections and acute lung injury (7-10). We have explored potential mechanisms in experimental animal models and determined that chronic alcohol ingestion causes previously unrecognized cellular dysfunction and oxidative stress, as best reflected by significant decreases in glutathione (GSH) levels, within the alveolar space (11-14). Alveolar macrophages, which are the primary immune cell in the lower airways, exhibit impaired phagocytosis and respiratory burst generation in animal models of chronic alcohol ingestion (15, 16), and treatment with antioxidants reverses these defects (17, 18). In addition, we established that decreased signaling of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) mediates alcohol-induced alveo...

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Secular Trends in Alcohol Consumption over 50 Years: The Framingham Study

Abstract: Background-Population trends in patterns of alcohol use are important data for policymakers but are generally based on repeated cross-sectional surveys.

Cited by 43 publications

References 20 publications

Increase in Incidence of Colorectal Cancer Among Young Men and Women in the United States

Increase in Incidence of Colorectal Cancer Among Young Men and Women in the United States

Alcohol intake and risk of thyroid cancer in the NIH-AARP Diet and Health Study

Alcoholism Causes Alveolar Macrophage Zinc Deficiency and Immune Dysfunction

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