Secular trends and urban–rural disparities in the median age at menarche among Chinese han girls from 1985 to 2019

Ma, Ning; Shi, Di; Dang, Jiajia; Zhong, Panliang; Liu, Yunfei; Cai, Shan; Dong, Yanhui; Hu, Peijin; Ma, Jun; Song, Yi

doi:10.1007/s12519-023-00723-9

Cited by 12 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 28 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Overweight and obesity are widely recognised as significant risk factors for early menarche. 3 19 Consistent with previous studies, we additionally found that per 1-SD increment in BMI was associated with about twofold increased risk of early menarche, independent of height and MPH, and this association was enhanced in girls with normal BA. The mechanisms underlying the association between obesity and early menarche have been a recent focus of research.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Prediction of body mass index and skeletal maturity for early menarche risk at menarche onset: a cross-sectional study of Chinese girls

Li,

Wu,

Guo

et al. 2024

BMJ Open

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

BackgroundThis study aimed to assess the predictive value of body mass index (BMI) and skeletal maturity for the occurrence of early menarche in Chinese girls.MethodsA cross-sectional analysis was conducted on 785 girls aged 8.1–14.6 years who visited our hospital within 3 months of menarche onset. Early menarche was defined as menarche age (MA) <10 years. Skeletal maturity was classified based on the difference between bone age (BA) and chronological age (CA), termed BA-CA; advanced BA was defined as BA-CA>2 years.ResultsThe average MA was 10.7 (SD: 1.1) years, with a prevalence of early menarche of 23.3%. BA exhibited relative stability compared with MA, with an average of 12.8 (SD: 0.5) years at menarche onset. At menarche onset, the average height, weight and BMI were 149.1 (SD: 5.1) cm, 43.3 (SD: 7.2) kg and 19.4 (SD: 2.8) kg/m², respectively. Logistic regression analyses indicated that every 1-year increment in BA-CA was independently associated with a 18.90-fold higher risk of early menarche (95% CI 11.77 to 30.32), respectively, and remained statistically significant even after adjusting for height or mid-parental height. Furthermore, the prediction of BA-CA for early menarche demonstrated a dose-dependent pattern across BMI categories, with the greatest risk observed in normal-weight girls, the lowest risk in obese girls and an intermediate risk in overweight girls at the same degree of BA advancement.ConclusionsOur findings provide evidence supporting the significant contributions of BMI and skeletal maturity in predicting early menarche among Chinese girls at menarche onset. Additionally, the results suggest a dose-dependent relationship between skeletal maturity and BMI categories, with normal-weight girls displaying a higher risk of early menarche compared to overweight and obese girls with the same degree of BA advancement.

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…It is widely recognised that menarche has been occurring earlier in girls. 3 23 Interestingly, we observed a parallel decline in both BA and MA. For example, among Chinese girls, MA decreased from 13.4 years in 1985 to 13.0 years in 1995, 3 while BA at menarche ranged from 13.5 to 14 years in the 1980s and 1990s.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 55%

Prediction of body mass index and skeletal maturity for early menarche risk at menarche onset: a cross-sectional study of Chinese girls

Li,

Wu,

Guo

et al. 2024

BMJ Open

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…A 2019 survey of 27 782 Chinese girls in China reported a median menarche age of 12.07 years in the general population. 39 This indicates may disparities in menarche age between the general population and adolescent dancers in China. In addition, in our study, 3 participants reported menarche at the age > 15 years, 29 (22.1%) reported a history of no periods for more than 3 months in the previous year, and 8 reported fewer than 5 periods in the previous year.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low Body Fat Percentage and Menstrual Cycle Disorders in Female Elite Adolescent Dancers

Liu,

Gong,

Nagamoto

et al. 2024

Journal of Dance Medicine & Science

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Introduction: The menstrual cycle is an important indicator of health in female athletes. Female elite adolescent dancers are expected to control their weight while also training intensely, which can lead to menstrual disorders. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between body composition and menstrual status in female elite adolescent dancers. Methods: In total, 131 female elite adolescent dancers (age: 15.9 ± 1.5 years) were enrolled in this study. We measured the height, weight, and body fat percentage (BFP) for each participant and calculated their body mass index (BMI). We gathered information on individual menstruation patterns and the participants’ menstrual cycles over the previous year using recall methods. We then compared the differences between dancers with menstrual cycle disorders and those without. Primary amenorrhea was defined as menarche occurring after the age of 15, while secondary amenorrhe was defined as experiencing fewer than 5 or no menstrual periods for at least 3 of the previous 12 months. We conducted a reliability test using the same questionnaire 2 weeks later. Statistical significance was defined as P < .05, and we calculated the effect sizes (d) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). Results: The average BMI and BFP were 22.6 ± 3.0% and 19.4 ± 2.2 kg/m2, respectively. Low BFP and low BMI were observed in 51 (38.6%) and 47 (35.6%) participants, respectively. Primary amenorrhea in 3 participants (2.3%) and 29 (22.1%) reported experiencing secondary amenorrhea; they had lower BFP than the dancers who did not experience amenorrhea ( P = .041, 95% CI, −2.51 to −0.05). Conclusion: Female elite adolescent dancers in China may have lower BFP and menstrual problems. Given that lower BFP may contribute to the occurrence of menstruation disorders, it is essential to pay an attention to both BFP and the menstruation status in female elite adolescent dancers.

show abstract

“…This shift may be due to an earlier onset of puberty, which has been a long-term trend and along with earlier height spurt. Chinese Han girls have shown an advanced trend in age at menarche, decreasing from 13.03-year-old in 1995 to 12.00-year-old in 2019 [ 16 ]. Spermarche in Han boy has also begun earlier (14.6-year-old in 1995 vs. 13.9-year-old in 2019), especially for rural boy, which may be related to enhanced prevalence of childhood obesity [ 17 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Growth rate of trunk during prepubertal and pubertal periods was different by sex. Although age of puberty onset decreased in both boys and girls, but more obvious in females than males [ 16 , 17 ], so the development potential of FVC in female was less than male, and the gap increased year by year. For Chinese urban children and adolescents, the largest sex difference in height increment was also observed at around 14-year-old during 1975–2005 [ 27 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trend and heterogeneity in forced vital capacity among Chinese students during 1985–2019: results from Chinese National Survey on Students’ Constitution and Health

Zhang,

Wu,

Zhong

et al. 2023

Respir Res

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background Forced vital capacity (FVC) reflects respiratory health, but the long-term trend and heterogeneity in FVC of Chinese students were understudied. Methods Data were from Chinese National Survey on Students’ Constitution and Health 1985–2019. Super Imposition by Translation and Rotation model was used to draw FVC growth curves. Sex-, region-, and nationality-heterogeneity in FVC was evaluated. Spearman correlation and generalized additive model was used to reveal influencing factors for FVC. Results Compared to 1985, age at peak FVC velocity was 1.09, 3.17, 0.74, and 1.87 years earlier for urban male, urban female, rural male, and rural female in 2019, respectively. Peak FVC velocity first decreased and then increased during 1985–2019, only male rebounded to larger than 1985 level. FVC declined from 1985 to 2005 and then raised. Males consistently had higher FVC than females, with disparities increasing in the 13–15 age group. Urban students also had higher FVC than rural students. In 2019, FVC difference between 30 Chinese provinces and the national average showed four scenarios: consistently above national average; less than national average until age 18, then above; greater than national average until age 18, then this advantage reversed; less than national average in almost all the age. Most Chinese ethnic minority students had lower FVC levels compared to Han students. Spearman correlation and generalized additive model showed that age, sex, and height were the leading influencing factors of FVC, followed by socioeconomic and environmental factors. Conclusions Chinese students experienced advanced FVC spurt, and there was sex-, region- and nationality-heterogeneity in FVC. Routine measurement of FVC is necessary in less developed areas of China.

show abstract

Secular trends and urban–rural disparities in the median age at menarche among Chinese han girls from 1985 to 2019

Cited by 12 publications

References 28 publications

Prediction of body mass index and skeletal maturity for early menarche risk at menarche onset: a cross-sectional study of Chinese girls

Prediction of body mass index and skeletal maturity for early menarche risk at menarche onset: a cross-sectional study of Chinese girls

Low Body Fat Percentage and Menstrual Cycle Disorders in Female Elite Adolescent Dancers

Trend and heterogeneity in forced vital capacity among Chinese students during 1985–2019: results from Chinese National Survey on Students’ Constitution and Health

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About