Secular Ecumenism

Bianchi, Eugene C.

doi:10.5840/thought196944140

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“…91 This is clear from their consistent use of manifestly obligatory forms (`shall') rather than hortatory ones (`should'). 92 If international law is well acquainted with`hard' instruments containing`soft' norms-that is, norms within treaties worded so conditionally as to be unenforceable 93 -the unqualified wording of the AU and IPU Declarations effectively inverts that phenomenon. These are hard norms articulated in soft instruments.…”

Section: (B) […] To Hold Public Office […] 64mentioning

confidence: 99%

Extending International Human Rights Obligations to Political Parties

Wood¹

2013

Cambridge Journal of International and Comparative Law

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Conventional wisdom holds states, international organisations and occasionally individuals to be subjects of international law, with debate ongoing whether corporations and rebel groups can be said to have international human rights obligations. Political parties have not figured in this debate, yet of all non-state actors they are arguably the most natural bearers of international obligations. When in power, they span the very divide between public and private spheres which has historically determined the scope of application of human rights law. Even in opposition, political parties have the capacity to foster or thwart individuals' participation in governance and, with it, their dignity and human rights. Reflecting this centrality to democracy, they are directly addressed by diverse international instruments and bodies, a trend to be embraced and encouraged from prosecution authorities to election observer organisations.

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Section: (B) […] To Hold Public Office […] 64mentioning

confidence: 99%

Extending International Human Rights Obligations to Political Parties

Wood¹

2013

Cambridge Journal of International and Comparative Law

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Secular Ecumenism

Cited by 1 publication

References 0 publications

Extending International Human Rights Obligations to Political Parties

Extending International Human Rights Obligations to Political Parties

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