Sector collapse of mud volcanoes, Azerbaijan

Roberts, Katie S.; Stewart, Simon; Davies, Richard J.; Evans, R. J. W.

doi:10.1144/0016-76492010-115

Cited by 11 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 42 publications

(46 reference statements)

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“…Other methods of spatial analysis such as vent‐alignment analysis (Bleacher et al., 2009; Connor, 1990; Richardson et al., 2021; Wadge & Cross, 1988) and directional‐distribution analysis (e.g., Bishop, 2007; Haag et al., 2019) have been applied in the search for preferred orientations of clusters of shield volcanoes on Earth (Cebria et al., 2011; Roberts et al., 2011) and on other planets (Richardson et al., 2013; Thomson & Lang, 2016). In this study, we utilized the “Directional Distribution (Standard Deviational Ellipse)” tool in ArcGIS Pro 2.7 to identify the orientation of the volcanoes within each volcanic field.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Morphological and Spatial Analysis of Volcanoes on Venus

Hahn

Byrne

2023

JGR Planets

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IntroductionNASA's Magellan spacecraft imaged virtually the entire Venusian surface using synthetic-aperture radar (SAR) as well as nadir-directed altimetry (Airey et al., 2017;G. H. Pettengill et al., 1991;E. Stofan, 2004). The radar image data collected during this mission enabled the recognition and classification of volcanic features and structures across Venus far beyond the scope of earlier missions (e.g., Basilevsky & Head, 1998;Crumpler & Aubele, 2000;. The Magellan data revealed a planetary surface covered in volcanic edifices of a range of sizes, as well as a number of volcanic landform types seemingly unique to Venus such as coronae (ringto oval-shaped features with concentric ridges), arachnoids (concentric features with radial fractures along their periphery), and novae (sets of focused, radial fractures) (

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Morphological and Spatial Analysis of Volcanoes on Venus

Hahn

Byrne

2023

JGR Planets

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“…[14] Mud volcanism originating from under-compacted mud-rich strata within terrestrial clastic basin settings is known to lead to the formation of transient cavern systems, which upon structural failure lead to zones of surface collapse and subsidence [e.g., Brown, 1990;Davies and Stewart, 2005;Davies et al, 2007;Stewart and Davies, 2006;Roberts et al, 2011]. In contrast, the inferred magnitude of floodwater infiltration within the study region (4 and 8 in Figure 3b) points to the existence of structurally stable caverns that were largely evacuated of fluids and sediments prior to HV outflow channel activity (2, 3 and 6, 7 in Figure 3b; 4 in Figure 3c).…”

Section: Geologic Conditions Promoting Structural Stability Of Evacuamentioning

confidence: 99%

Infiltration of Martian outflow channel floodwaters into lowland cavernous systems

Rodriguez¹,

Bourke²,

Tanaka³

et al. 2012

Geophysical Research Letters

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The hydrosphere of Mars has remained mostly concealed within the subsurface for the past ∼3.5 Gyr. Localized rupturing of the permafrost‐capped crust led to voluminous groundwater discharges that carved some of the largest known channels in the solar system. However, our knowledge of the nature of the flows and their ultimate fate remains incomplete, partly because diagnostic landforms at outflow channel termini have been largely destroyed or buried. The Hebrus Valles outflow channels were excavated by fluid discharges that emanated from two point sources, and they mostly terminate in systems of fractures and depressions within the northern plains. Our investigation indicates that outflow channel floodwaters were captured and reabsorbed into the subsurface in zones where caverns developed within the northern plains. These findings imply that the study region comprises the only known location in the Martian northern lowlands where the fate of outflow channel discharges can be assessed with confidence. We propose that evacuation of subsurface materials via mud volcanism was an important process in cavern formation. Our conceptual model provides a hypothesis to account for the fate of sediments and fluids from some of the Martian outflow channels. It also reveals a mechanism for lowland cavern formation and upper crustal volatile enrichment after the development of the Martian global cryosphere.

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“…The authors also describe the large isolated blocks on the western mud breccia flow as horsts. Roberts et al (2011) relate the same megablocks to debris avalanche deposits. So far it remains unknown if these so called "horsts" or "megablocks", are tectonically formed, are related to gravitative mass transport processes, or have a local origin through mud volcanism.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Explosive mud volcano eruptions and rafting of mud breccia blocks

Mazzini¹,

Akhmanov²,

Manga³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Azerbaijan hosts the highest concentration of mud volcanoes (MVs) on Earth with structures that may reach several kilometres in diameter and the height up to 600 m. Many of these structures alternate between periods of dormancy with vigorous eruptions. The frequency of the eruptive activity varies between MVs, and is typically related to the time required to build sufficient overpressure able to drive the extrusion of fluids and mud breccia at the surface.Lokbatan is possibly the most active MV on Earth exhibiting powerful eruptions occurring every 3-5 years. These phenomena manifest with spectacular gas flares that reach several tens of meters in height and the bursting of thousands of m3 of mud breccia resulting in spectacular mud flows that extend for more than 1.5 kilometres. Unlike other active MVs, Lokbatan does not show any visual evidence of diffuse degassing (e.g. active pools of gryphons) in the crater zone. Gas flux measurements completed with closed-chamber technique sensitive to ppmv, reveal extremely low values throughout the structure around the crater with average CH4=0.13 g/m2day and CO2=4.53 g/m2day. We suggest that after eruptive events, the mud breccia is able to seal the structure preventing the gas release and therefore promoting the overpressure build-up in the subsurface. This self-sealing mechanism allows a fast recharge of the MV resulting in more frequent and powerful eruptions. These spectacular phenomena are able to release in short time intervals massive amounts of gas, erupted mud breccia and energy due to the sudden overpressure release. Our field observations reveal the presence of large (up to ~50,000 m3) stratified blocks that were originally part of a large crater cone. These blocks were rafted > 1 km from the vent on top of mud breccia flows. We use a lubrication theory model to show that it is reasonable to transport blocks this large and this far provided the underlying mud flow was thick enough. The presence of large rafted blocks is not a unique phenomena observed at Lokbatan MV and is documented also at other large-scale structures.

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Sector collapse of mud volcanoes, Azerbaijan

Cited by 11 publications

References 42 publications

A Morphological and Spatial Analysis of Volcanoes on Venus

A Morphological and Spatial Analysis of Volcanoes on Venus

Infiltration of Martian outflow channel floodwaters into lowland cavernous systems

Explosive mud volcano eruptions and rafting of mud breccia blocks

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