Sector-based VOCs emission factors and source profiles for the surface coating industry in the Pearl River Delta region of China

Zhong, Zhuangmin; Sha, Qing’e; Zheng, Junyu; Yuan, Zibing; Gao, Zongjiang; Ou, Jiamin; Zheng, Zhaohui; Li, Cheng; Huang, Zhijiong

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.12.172

Cited by 92 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…The BTH region is the political center of China, a developed cluster of large cities, and one of the most polluted areas in China (Jiang et al, 2015). In recent years, severe haze events have occurred frequently in the BTH region (Zhu et al, 2016), and the mixing ratios of O 3 have increased significantly (Ma et al, 2016). There is an urgent need for effective pollution control measures in the area.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Verification of anthropogenic VOC emission inventory through ambient measurements and satellite retrievals

Hao

Simayi

et al. 2019

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

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Abstract. Improving the accuracy of the anthropogenic volatile organic compound (VOC) emission inventory is essential for reducing air pollution. In this study, we established an emission inventory of anthropogenic VOCs in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region of China for 2015 based on the emission factor (EF) method. Online ambient VOC observations were conducted in one urban area of Beijing in January, April, July, and October, which, respectively, represented winter, spring, summer, and autumn in 2015. Furthermore, the developed emission inventory was evaluated by a comprehensive verification system based on the measurements and satellite retrieval results. Firstly, emissions of the individual species of the emission inventory were evaluated according to the ambient measurements and emission ratios versus carbon monoxide (CO). Secondly, the source structure of the emission inventory was evaluated using source appointment with the Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) model. Thirdly, the spatial and temporal distribution of the developed emission inventory was evaluated by a satellite-derived emission inventory. According to the results of the emission inventory, the total anthropogenic VOC emissions in the BTH region were 3277.66 Gg in 2015. Online measurements showed that the average mixing ratio of VOCs in Beijing was approximately 49.94 ppbv in 2015, ranging from 10.67 to 245.54 ppbv. The annual emissions for 51 of 56 kinds of non-methane hydrocarbon species derived from the measurements agreed within ±100 % with the results of the emission inventory. Based on the PMF results and the emission inventory, it is evident that vehicle-related emissions dominate the composition of anthropogenic VOCs in Beijing. The spatial correlation between the emission inventory and satellite inversion result was significant (p<0.01) with a correlation coefficient of 0.75. However, there were discrepancies between the relative contributions of fuel combustion, emissions of oxygenated VOCs (OVOCs), and halocarbons from the measurements and inventory. To obtain a more accurate emission inventory, we propose the investigation of the household coal consumption, the adjustment of EFs based on the latest pollution control policies, and the verification of the source profiles of OVOCs and halocarbons.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Verification of anthropogenic VOC emission inventory through ambient measurements and satellite retrievals

Hao

Simayi

et al. 2019

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

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“…Therefore, to better understand the local emission characteristics, major aromatic VOCs and their contributions to the total emissions were compared and are illustrated in Figure 7. Figure 7 compared the main aromatics species measured in Wuhan with those reported in Beijing [14], the PRD region [9,28], and Shanghai [29]. The auto coating source profile witnessed the significant improvement of raw materials used in the paint coating practices.…”

Section: Surface Coating and Printingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sources Profiles of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) Measured in a Typical Industrial Process in Wuhan, Central China

Shen

Xiang²,

Liang

et al. 2018

Atmosphere

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Industrial emission is an important source of ambient volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China. We collected 53 VOC samples from petrochemical, surface coating, electronic manufacturing, and gasoline evaporation using stainless canisters to develop localized source profiles. Concentrations of 86 VOC species, including hydrocarbons, halocarbons, and oxygenated VOCs, were quantified by a gas chromatography-flame ionization detection/mass spectrometry system. Alkanes were the major constituents observed in the source profile from the petrochemical industry. Aromatics (79.5~81.4%) were the largest group in auto-painting factories, while oxygenated VOCs (82.0%) and heavy alkanes (68.7%) were dominant in gravure printing and offset printing factories, respectively. Acetone was the largest contributor and the most frequently monitored species in printed circuit board (PCB) manufacturing, while VOC species emitted from integrated chip (IC) were characterized by high contents of isopropanol (56.4-98.3%) and acetone (30.8%). Chemical compositions from vapor of gasoline 92#, 93#, and 98# were almost identical. Alkanes were the dominant VOC group, with i-pentane being the most abundant species (31.4-37.7%), followed by n-butane and n-pentane. However, high loadings of heavier alkanes were observed in the profile of diesel evaporation.

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“…Factor 8 was suggested to be surface coating sources, showing a high percentage of toluene, p-xylene, ethylbenzene, p-xylene, m-xylene, o-xylene and benzene. Those compounds are used widely in paint for surface coating [44]. In general, the contributions to VOC concentration were 13.9%, 8.5%, 15.6%, 12.8%, 11.8%, 16.2%, 12.1% and 9.2% for LPG combustion, the chemical industry, natural gas use, gasoline evaporation, the petrol industry, solvent use, vehicle exhaust and surface coating, respectively.…”

Section: Source Apportionment Of Vocsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characteristics and Source Apportionment of Summertime Volatile Organic Compounds in a Fast Developing City in the Yangtze River Delta, China

Zhang

Zhao

et al. 2018

Atmosphere

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Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are crucial for ozone formation in the Yangtze River Delta (YRD) in China. The characteristics of ambient VOCs in Nantong, a fast developing city in the YRD, were studied. Sixty ambient air samples were taken at five sites in three sampling days during summer time. One hundred and five VOCs were measured, showing that VOC concentration varied between 27.5 ppbv to 33.1 ppbv at five sites; these levels were generally lower than those for some big Chinese cities like Beijing, Shanghai and Nanjing. With larger fractions of alkanes, the Zilang (ZL) and Sanqu (SQ) sites had relatively higher VOC concentrations among the five sites. The oxidation formation potential (OFP) and secondary aerosol formation potential (SOAFP) were estimated to be 125 μg/m3 and 0.76 μg/m3, respectively. These two values were smaller than those in other big cities, as they were dominated by aromatic compounds (e.g., toluene and benzene) of which concentrations in Nantong were found to be lower. The highest toluene concentration was measured in ZL, implying substantial effects of surface coating industry near the site. Through the Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) model, the identified sources of VOCs included LPG (Liquefied petroleum gas) combustion (13.9%), chemical industry (8.5%), natural gas use (15.6%), gasoline evaporation (12.8%), petrol industry use (11.8%), solvent use (16.2%) vehicle exhausts (12.1%) and surface coating (9.2%). A relatively small contribution from vehicles was found in Nantong compared with other big cities. Moreover, LPG emissions were identified to be relatively important in Nantong, indicated by the large mass fraction of propane and ethane concentrations in the atmosphere.

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Sector-based VOCs emission factors and source profiles for the surface coating industry in the Pearl River Delta region of China

Cited by 92 publications

References 26 publications

Verification of anthropogenic VOC emission inventory through ambient measurements and satellite retrievals

Verification of anthropogenic VOC emission inventory through ambient measurements and satellite retrievals

Sources Profiles of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) Measured in a Typical Industrial Process in Wuhan, Central China

Characteristics and Source Apportionment of Summertime Volatile Organic Compounds in a Fast Developing City in the Yangtze River Delta, China

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