Sectarian language and perception of the “Other” after the Arab Spring

Abstract

This study explores how sectarian language prevalent on Arabic media shapes common Arab people's perceptions of sects such as Sunni, Shiites, and others. A sample of Arabic sectarian expressions was collected from social media, print media and TV channels. A sample of students and faculty was surveyed. Sectarian language was analysed according to the components of perception (perceiver, target, and situation), the factors that affect each, and the social amplification and attenuation risk framework. Sectarian language used by students, faculty and Arab media is characterized by contempt, hostility, hatred, and intolerance of the sect(s) they disapprove of as they constitute political and ideological threats. Many Sunnis are afraid of the Shiite tide and Shiite Crescent. Hezbollah, Houthis, and Muslim Brothers are considered “terrorists” and “militias”.

Lexical Hybridization in Arabic: The Case of Word Formation with Borrowed Affixes

“…In Modern Hebrew 2 , examples of hybrid words consisting of a Hebrew-descent word and a non-Semitic descent suffix exist, i.e., hybrid words containing international prefixes as in anti-hitnatkút ‫)אנטי-התנתקות(‬ 'anti-disengagement'; postmilkhamtí ‫)פוסט-מלחמתי(‬ 'postwar'; and pro-araví ‫)פרו-ערבי(‬ 'pro-Arab' (Zuckermann, 2009).…”

“…In Hindustani 4 (the lingua franca of India), Persian prefixes were borrowed to create new words. The process of hybridization led to the formation of words in which the first element of the compound was from Khari Boli and the second from Persian, such as rajmahal 'palace' (raja 'royal/king' + mahal 'house/place') and rangmahal 'fashion house' (rang 'colour/dye' + mahal 'house/place').…”

“…http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_word 2 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_word 3. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_word 4. http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/266468/Hindustani-language…”