Secretory immunoglobulin A response to Shiga toxin in rabbits: kinetics of the initial mucosal immune response and inhibition of toxicity in vitro and in vivo

Keren, David F.; Brown, J E; McDonald, Roderick A.; Wassef, J S

doi:10.1128/iai.57.7.1885-1889.1989

Cited by 24 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…SIgAs are exclusively present at mucosal surfaces 39 and have superior neutralization activity 40 . Specific SIgAs can neutralize pathogens and prevent them from invading through the mucosal epithelium, which has been reported for other toxins as well 41,42 . TcdA 26-39 -specific IgA could prevent Clostridioides difficile vegetative cells from attaching to the mucosal epithelium at the early stage, which might be a key step in the infection process 43 .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 59%

Intratracheal inoculation of AHc vaccine induces protection against aerosolized botulinum neurotoxin A challenge in mice

Gan

Luo

Yu³

et al. 2021

npj Vaccines

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Botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT), produced by Clostridium botulinum, is generally known to be the most poisonous of all biological toxins. In this study, we evaluate the protection conferred by intratracheal (i.t.) inoculation immunization with recombinant Hc subunit (AHc) vaccines against aerosolized BoNT/A intoxication. Three AHc vaccine formulations, i.e., conventional liquid, dry powder produced by spray freeze drying, and AHc dry powder reconstituted in water are prepared, and mice are immunized via i.t. inoculation or subcutaneous (s.c.) injection. Compared with s.c.-AHc-immunized mice, i.t.-AHc-immunized mice exhibit a slightly stronger protection against a challenge with 30,000× LD50 aerosolized BoNT/A. Of note, only i.t.-AHc induces a significantly higher level of toxin-neutralizing mucosal secretory IgA (SIgA) production in the bronchoalveolar lavage of mice. In conclusion, our study demonstrates that the immune protection conferred by the three formulations of AHc is comparable, while i.t. immunization of AHc is superior to s.c. immunization against aerosolized BoNT/A intoxication.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 59%

Intratracheal inoculation of AHc vaccine induces protection against aerosolized botulinum neurotoxin A challenge in mice

Gan

Luo

Yu³

et al. 2021

npj Vaccines

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show abstract

“…SIgA possesses many protective functions in the intestine, including as a defender to neutralize bacterial toxins in the gut lumen and disable viruses during transcytosis through the epithelial barrier ( 31 ). SIgA also inhibits abnormal epithelial cell translocation and excessive inflammatory responses induced by Shigella lipopolysaccharide (LPS) ( 32 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Glycyrrhiza Polysaccharides on Chickens' Intestinal Health and Homeostasis

Che

et al. 2022

Front. Vet. Sci.

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The overuse of antibiotics in poultry farming causes the accumulation of drug residue in animals' bodies and the occurrence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, which not only compromise animals' health but ultimately endanger human health. Thus, there is an urgent need for a novel poultry feed additive to substitute for excessive antibiotics. Glycyrrhiza polysaccharides (GPS) derived from Chinese licorice have shown promising immunomodulatory effects in previous studies. The present study investigated the pharmacological effects of GPS on poultry intestines to assess whether it can be used as a feed additive. The results show that GPS can increase production of sIgA, promote the secretion activity of goblet cells, alter the gut microbial composition and lead to changes in short-chain fatty acids. GPS also elevated both Th1 and Th2 immune responses by facilitating the expression of IL-2, IL-4, IL-1β, and IFN-γ while increasing the proportion of both CD4+ and CD8+ cells in the intestine. Moreover, the results of 16S rRNA gene sequencing showed that GPS could significantly change intestinal microbiota composition in the intestine, evidenced by the increased proportion of Bacteroides, Butyricicoccus and Eisenbergiella, as well as a decreased portion of Erysipelatoclostridium, leading to a healthier intestinal microbiota composition for the host. Taken together, it can be concluded that GPS is safe to use as a novel feed additive that can be used as an alternative to prophylactic antibiotics in poultry feeding.

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“…The approach used here is relevant to the study of the mucosal immune response to other bacterial toxins. For example, shiga toxin has recently been reported to stimulate a strong secretory IgA response when administered into the intestines of mice (19). Shiga toxin is a true cellular poison, and one can predict it will be extremely toxic in vitro, which will make its study difficult.…”

Section: Infect Immunmentioning

confidence: 99%

Activation of cholera toxin-specific T cells in vitro

Elson

Solomon

1990

Infect Immun

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Cholera toxin (CT) and its B subunit (CT-B) are potent oral immunogens in vivo, although both strongly inhibit polyclonal lymphocyte activation in vitro. In order to help understand this paradox, we have studied the activation and proliferation of CT-specific T cells in vitro, by using CT-B-primed lymph node T cells as responders, concanavalin A-stimulated peritoneal macrophages as antigen-presenting cells (APCs), and various forms of CT-B as antigen. The results indicate that in many ways CT-specific T cells respond in a manner similar to that of T cells specific for other protein antigens: the degree of proliferation was proportional to the dose of antigen and APCs in the cultures, was antigen specific, and was H-2 restricted. APCs from genetic high-responder strains to CT stimulated significantly more proliferation in F1 (high x low) responder T cells than did APCs from low responder strains. However, there was a marked difference in the activation of CT-specific T cells when different forms of CT-B were used. Native CT-B stimulated little or no T-cell proliferation, whereas denatured CT-B or CT-B blocked by its ligand, GM1 ganglioside, stimulated T cells well. Addition of native CT-B to cocultures of primed T cells, APCs, and these latter stimulatory forms of CT-B inhibited the specific proliferative response to CT-B to varying degrees, depending on the ratio of the two forms in culture. We conclude that the ability of CT-B to inhibit T cells extends even to T cells specific for CT itself. Because of these inhibitory properties, processing of CT to nonbinding molecular forms or fragments must be an important prerequisite for the immune response to CT to occur in vivo, and such processing is likely to be important in the immune response to a variety of other enterotoxins as well.

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Secretory immunoglobulin A response to Shiga toxin in rabbits: kinetics of the initial mucosal immune response and inhibition of toxicity in vitro and in vivo

Cited by 24 publications

References 23 publications

Intratracheal inoculation of AHc vaccine induces protection against aerosolized botulinum neurotoxin A challenge in mice

Intratracheal inoculation of AHc vaccine induces protection against aerosolized botulinum neurotoxin A challenge in mice

Effects of Glycyrrhiza Polysaccharides on Chickens' Intestinal Health and Homeostasis

Activation of cholera toxin-specific T cells in vitro

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