Secretome, surfome and immunome: emerging approaches for the discovery of new vaccine candidates against bacterial infections

Abstract

Functional genomics has made possible advanced structure-to-function investigation of pathogens and helped characterize virulence mechanisms. Proteomics has been become a tool for large-scale identification of proteins involved during invasion and infection by the pathogens. Bacterial surface and secreted proteins play key role in the interaction between the bacterial cell and the host environment. Thus exoproteome and surface proteome of a microorganism are hypothesized to contain components of effective vaccines. Surfome and exoproteome analysis strategy facilitates identification of novel vaccine antigen and overall helps in progress of discovery of vaccine. The study of the antibody response can advance how proteomics is used, because it investigates antibody-antigen interactions and also unravel the relationship of antibody responses to pathogen and host characteristics. System immunology integrating with proteome i.e. immunoproteomics is applicable to those infections that are having tendency of diverse antibody target recognition and thus accurately reflects progression of the infection.

Immunoinformatics Approach to Design a Novel Epitope-Based Oral Vaccine AgainstHelicobacter pylori

“…In addition, GGT was classified as a periplasmic protein, as shown in Table 1. Surface and extracellular proteins are good targets to develop a vaccine aiming toward prevention of bacterial infections and diseases (Dwivedi et al, 2016).…”

Immunoproteomics to identify Staphylococcus aureus antigens expressed in bovine milk during mastitis

“…Proteomics is an important tool to identify potential vaccine antigens, and is especially useful for pathogens such as S. aureus that express numerous surface exposed proteins (Collado et al, 2016; Dwivedi et al, 2016). Studies have reported the use of 2-dimensional electrophoresis ( 2DE ) for whole or subcellular proteome analysis of Staphylococcus for human vaccine development (Sellman et al, 2005; Brady et al, 2006; Solis et al, 2010).…”

A Novel Design of Multi-Epitope Based Vaccine against Escherichia coli

“…Another characteristics of a good vaccine is to possess a surface charge with isoelectric point and molecular weight less than 50,000 kDa that is why Pi/Mw server was used to calculate the isoelectric point and molecular weight to get the surface charge of the proteins as it is essential for the vaccine. Another features of a good vaccine candidate is possession of good antigenic properties, which are crucial for the pathogenesis of the organism and for protection against its infectivity [34,35]. Some earlier studies have implored these approaches in the selection of candidate proteins for the in silico design of probable E.coli vaccine candidates as reported here [36][37][38].…”