Secretion of the ventral glands in Craesus sawfly larvae

Boevé, Jean‐Luc; Heilporn, Sylvie

doi:10.1016/j.bse.2008.09.007

Cited by 7 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…The three largest sawfly families are the Tenthredinidae with c. 5,700 species worldwide, the Argidae comprising 920 species, and the Pergidae 440 species 29 , 30 . In the Tenthredinidae, major defensive strategies are easy bleeding of deterrent hemolymph 31 , 32 and emission of volatiles by eversible ventral glands 33 , but the group shows an overall high variety in life history traits related to defense 24 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Endogenous toxins and the coupling of gregariousness to conspicuousness in Argidae and Pergidae sawflies

Boevé

Nyman

Shinohara

et al. 2018

Sci Rep

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Phytophagous insects tend to be either cryptic and solitary, or brightly colored and gregarious, as a defense against vertebrate predators. Here, we tested whether potent defensive chemicals produced de novo by larvae of Argidae and Pergidae sawflies have influenced the evolutionary relationship between larval appearance and levels of gregariousness. Phylogeny-based correlation analyses indicated only a weak trend for solitary species to be cryptic, and for gregarious ones to be conspicuous. Numerous Argidae were cryptic–solitary or conspicuous–gregarious, whereas most Pergidae were conspicuous–gregarious. Both families also included not truly gregarious but aggregated species, i.e. with individuals more evenly distributed on the host plant. By considering two specific morphological traits, predominant body coloration and contrasting spots on body, each one was (weakly) associated with appearance but none with gregariousness, which reflects the functional relevance of appearance as a whole. Furthermore, Argidae can display alternate appearances during successive larval instars. Finally, an independent contrasts test showed no obvious correlation between two major toxic peptides. Our results point towards diversely combined patterns of linked ecological traits in these insects. By assuming that warning coloration is more warranted against vertebrate than invertebrate predators, we suggest that the occurrence itself of toxins allowed this diversity via differing predator guilds and environmental factors, to which these insects were confronted during evolution.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Endogenous toxins and the coupling of gregariousness to conspicuousness in Argidae and Pergidae sawflies

Boevé

Nyman

Shinohara

et al. 2018

Sci Rep

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“…Citral is the major compound of the glandular secretion not only in the Pseudodineurini but also in the alderfeeding Nematinus species (Boevé et al 1984), and it is detected in two spruce-feeding Pristiphora species, Pristiphora compressa and Pristiphora pallida (Boevé, personal observation). The independence between host-plant (chemistry) and chemical composition of the glandular secretion also is observed in other nematine sawflies: for benzaldehyde produced by Nematus and Pristiphora species and for dolichodial produced by Nematus and Craesus species (Boevé et al 1992;Boevé and Heilporn 2009). Thus, these genera as well as Pseudodineurini probably produce the major compounds of their glandular secretion de novo.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…A potential subsequent step is the cyclization of 8-oxocitral into dolichodial. This is a major compound of the glandular secretion in several nematine sawflies (Boevé et al 1984(Boevé et al , 1992Boevé and Heilporn 2009). Traces of iridoids such as dolichodial were detected in the glandular secretion of Pseudodineurini larvae, but it is not clear how they are formed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Defense by Volatiles in Leaf-Mining Insect Larvae

et al. 2009

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The defense strategy of an insect toward natural enemies can include a trait that appears at first sight to contradict its defensive function. We explored phylogeny, chemistry, and defense efficiency of a peculiar group of hymenopteran sawfly larvae where this contradiction is obvious. Pseudodineurini larvae live in leaf mines that protect them from some enemies. Disturbed larvae also emit a clearly perceptible lemon-like odor produced by ventral glands, although the mine hampers the evaporation of the secretion. The mine could also lead to autointoxication of a larva by its own emitted volatiles. Citral was the major component in all Pseudodineurini species, and it efficiently repels ants. We conclude that full-grown larvae that leave their mine to pupate in the soil benefit from citral by avoiding attacks from ground-dwelling arthropods such as ants. In some species, we also detected biosynthetically related compounds, two 8-oxocitral diastereomers (i.e., (2E,6E)- and (2E,6Z)-2,6-dimethylocta-2,6-dienedial). Synthetic 8-oxocitral proved to be a potent fungicide, but not an ant repellent. The discrete distribution of 8-oxocitral was unrelated to species grouping in the phylogenetic tree. In contrast, we discovered that its presence was associated with species from humid and cold zones but absent in species favoring warm and dry environments. The former should be protected by 8-oxocitral when faced with a fungal infestation while crawling into the soil. Our work shows the importance of integrating knowledge about behavior, morphology, and life history stages for understanding the complex evolution of insects and especially their defense strategies.

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“…In case of disquietness, larvae upright their abdomen and excrete defense secret from ventral glands. Secretion of C. latipes, C. alniastri and C. septentrionalis was studied in detail by Boevé & Heilporn (2009). The authors found that monoterpene dolichodial was the main component of the secret of glands of these sawfl ies.…”

Section: Life Patternmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Larvae of a relative C. septentrionalis eat as many as four weeks (Ratzeburg, 1844). Its male larvae develop through fi ve (female through six) instars (Boevé & Heilporn, 2009). …”

Section: : the Leaf Blade Of Birch Incised By A Female Of C Latipesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Remarkable, however biologically unknown sawfly Craesus latipes (Villaret) (Hymenoptera, Tenthredinidae)

Urban¹

2013

Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun.

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URBAN, J.: Remarcable, however biologically unknown sawfl y Craesus latipes (Villaret) (Hymenoptera, Tenthredinidae). Acta univ. agric. et silvic. Mendel. Brun., 2012, LX, No. 3, pp. 179-198 In 2009 to 2011, a rather frequent occurrence of Craesus latipes (Vill.) was noted on Betula pendula Roth. in the Brno region. Part of the sawfl y population showed bivoltine and part univoltine development. At the bivoltine development, imagoes occurred for the fi rst time in the second half of May and at the beginning of June, for the second time in August. At the univoltine development, imagoes fl ew in the second half of June and in the fi rst half of July. Females lay eggs into longitudinal slits in veins on the abaxial face of leaves. During several days (in the laboratory already during fi rst three days) they lay 91 as many as 133 eggs on seven to ten leaves. They die one to three days a er oviposition. The embryonal development takes six to seven (in the laboratory four to fi ve) days. Male larvae eat for two weeks (in the laboratory 12 days) and show fi ve instars. Female larvae eat for three weeks (in the laboratory 16 days) and show six instars. Male larvae destroyed in captivity on average 19.8 cm 2 (female 60.0 cm 2 ) leaves of B. pendula. Larvae of the bivoltine subpopulation occurred on trees for the fi rst time at the end of May and in June, for the second time in the second half of August and in the fi rst half of September. Larvae of the univoltine subpopulation occurred from the second decade of June till the end of August, exceptionally even later. Eating larvae could be noted locally and in small numbers for nearly the whole growing season 1 .

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Secretion of the ventral glands in Craesus sawfly larvae

Cited by 7 publications

References 13 publications

Endogenous toxins and the coupling of gregariousness to conspicuousness in Argidae and Pergidae sawflies

Endogenous toxins and the coupling of gregariousness to conspicuousness in Argidae and Pergidae sawflies

Defense by Volatiles in Leaf-Mining Insect Larvae

Remarkable, however biologically unknown sawfly Craesus latipes (Villaret) (Hymenoptera, Tenthredinidae)

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