Secretion of foot-and-mouth disease virus and antibody in the saliva of infected and immunized cattle

Hyslop, N. St. G.

doi:10.1016/0021-9975(65)90001-0

Cited by 31 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…The detection of specific neutralizing antibodies in oronasal and esophageal-pharyngeal fluids has previously been described for cattle infected by oronasal routes with different FMDV O1 strains (13,15,18). All of these reports were based on results obtained starting at least 1 week after the experimental infections.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The detection of adaptive immune responses at the local level after natural or experimental infection of cattle was performed in the past through the detection of secretory immunoglobulins in the oronasal cavities and esophageal-pharyngeal fluids (OPF), and most of the time these efforts were focused on the discovery of markers of infection or a carrier state (13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19). In an early report, Figueroa et al (13) reported neutralizing activity in samples of saliva and nasal fluids taken from cattle infected by FMDV administered by intranasal spray.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Early Adaptive Immune Responses in the Respiratory Tract of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus-Infected Cattle

Pega

Bucafusco

Giacomo

et al. 2013

J Virol

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Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a highly contagious viral disease which affects both domestic and wild biungulate species. This acute disease, caused by the FMD virus (FMDV), usually includes an active replication phase in the respiratory tract for up to 72 h postinfection, followed by hematogenous dissemination and vesicular lesions at oral and foot epithelia. The role of the early local adaptive immunity of the host in the outcome of the infection is not well understood. Here we report the kinetics of appearance of FMDV-specific antibody-secreting cells (ASC) in lymphoid organs along the respiratory tract and the spleen in cattle infected by aerosol exposure. While no responses were observed for up to 3 days postinfection (dpi), all animals developed FMDV-ASC in all the lymphoid organs studied at 4 dpi. Tracheobronchial lymph nodes were the most reactive organs at this time, and IgM was the predominant isotype, followed by IgG1. Numbers of FMDV-ASC were further augmented at 5 and 6 dpi, with an increasing prevalence in upper respiratory organs. Systemic antibody responses were slightly delayed compared with the local reaction. Also, IgM was the dominant isotype in serum at 5 dpi, coinciding with a sharp decrease of viral RNA detection in peripheral blood. These results indicate that following aerogenous administration, cattle develop a rapid and vigorous genuine local antibody response throughout the respiratory tract. Time course and isotype profiles indicate the presence of an efficient T cell-independent antibody response which drives the IgM-mediated virus clearance in cattle infected by FMDV aerosol exposure.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Early Adaptive Immune Responses in the Respiratory Tract of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus-Infected Cattle

Pega

Bucafusco

Giacomo

et al. 2013

J Virol

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“…Another factor which would affect sensitivity is the ability of the assay system to detect partially neutralized virus. Hyslop (1965) has shown that neutralization indices (measured in mice) of saliva collected from challenged animals can range from 1-19 to 3-7. No direct experiment was made to estimate the neutralizing activity …”

Section: The Infectivity Of Oesophagealjpharyngeal Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Studies on the carrier state of cattle exposed to foot-and-mouth disease virus

Burrows

1966

J. Hyg.

136

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Cattle infected with FMDV strains of different epizootiological origin developed a carrier state which persisted in the majority of animals for several months. Fluid samples taken from the oesophageal/pharyngeal region were assayed for infectivity by plaque counts on BHK monolayer cultures and by mouse inoculation. With one strain of virus, infectivity levels of up to 1000 pfu/ml. were recorded for several weeks after infection but in general the virus content of samples was below 50 pfu/ml.The sites of virus persistence and multiplication were identified by titration of suspensions of mucosae and epithelia taken post mortem. Virus was recovered from 41 of 54 cattle killed 14–196 days after infection. The chief sites of virus multiplication based on the frequency of virus recovery and infectivity titres were the dorsal surface of the soft palate and the pharynx. Virus was recovered less frequently from the ventral surface of the soft palate and the glosso-epiglottic space and only occasionally from the tonsillar sinuses, tonsils, tongue, trachea and oesophagus. No virus was detected in the turbinates or in the epithelium of the urinary bladder.

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“…Cattle vaccinated with inactivated FMD virus vaccines have become infected after upper respiratory exposure even to homologous virus subtypes (VanBekkum, Frenkel, Frederiks & Frenkel, 1959;Hyslop, 1965a;Burrows, 1966;Sutmoler et al 1968;McVicar & Sutmoller, 1969). For a study of early growth of FM1D virus in immunized cattle, steers were vaccinated and inoculated intranasally after varying periods of time, and pharyngeal virus growth curves were obtained.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Growth of foot-and-mouth disease virus in the upper respiratory tract of non-immunized, vaccinated, and recovered cattle after intranasal inoculation

McVicar

Sutmöller

1976

J. Hyg.

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'Mention of a trademark or a proprietary product does not constitute a guarantee or warranty of the product by the UT.S. Department of Agriculture, and does not imply its approval to the exclusion of other products that may also be suitable.' SUMMARY Non-immunized, vaccinated, and recovered cattle were inoculated intranasally with various doses of foot-and-mouth disease virus. Samples of oesophagealpharyngeal (OP) fluid were taken periodically for up to 7 days after inoculation and virus titres of these samples were plotted as pharyngeal virus growth curves.In non-immunized cattle, the length of the lag period and of the growth period were inversely proportional to the dose of virus given. Maximum titres were observed when clinical signs were first detected. Three of the 10 cattle studied had virus growth rates that were lower than rates of others given the same dose of virus, and clinical signs appeared later than expected in these three cattle.Cattle vaccinated with an inactivated virus oil-adjuvant vaccine had pharyngeal virus growth curves that were similar to those obtained from non-immunized cattle for 30 h. after inoculation. Titres of virus in OP fluid samples taken 2-7 days after inoculation were substantially lower in cattle with a high pre-exposure serum mouse protection index than titres from partly-immunized or non-immunized cattle.Nine of 14 recovered cattle had detectable but reduced virus growth after intranasal inoculation with homologous virus. Five recovered cattle inoculated with heterologous virus reacted similarly to non-immunized animals.

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Secretion of foot-and-mouth disease virus and antibody in the saliva of infected and immunized cattle

Cited by 31 publications

References 6 publications

Early Adaptive Immune Responses in the Respiratory Tract of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus-Infected Cattle

Early Adaptive Immune Responses in the Respiratory Tract of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus-Infected Cattle

Studies on the carrier state of cattle exposed to foot-and-mouth disease virus

Growth of foot-and-mouth disease virus in the upper respiratory tract of non-immunized, vaccinated, and recovered cattle after intranasal inoculation

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