Secretion, modification, and regulation of Ax21

Han, Sang-Wook; Lee, Sang‐Won; Ronald, Pamela C.

doi:10.1016/j.mib.2010.12.006

Cited by 28 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…Sulfation of Ax21 is thought to be accomplished by the products of raxP and raxQ, which function in concert to produce 3Ј-phosphoadenosine 5Ј-phosphosulfate (PAPS), and by the product of raxST, which is similar to mammalian tyrosyl-sulfotransferases. RaxST is hypothesized to catalyze the transfer of the sulfuryl group from PAPS to the tyrosine(s) of Ax21 (31,80). Finally, raxA, raxB, and raxC encode components of a type I system for Ax21 secretion (19).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Two New Complete Genome Sequences Offer Insight into Host and Tissue Specificity of Plant Pathogenic Xanthomonas spp

et al. 2011

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Xanthomonas is a large genus of bacteria that collectively cause disease on more than 300 plant species. The broad host range of the genus contrasts with stringent host and tissue specificity for individual species and pathovars. Whole-genome sequences of Xanthomonas campestris pv. raphani strain 756C and X. oryzae pv. oryzicola strain BLS256, pathogens that infect the mesophyll tissue of the leading models for plant biology, Arabidopsis thaliana and rice, respectively, were determined and provided insight into the genetic determinants of host and tissue specificity. Comparisons were made with genomes of closely related strains that infect the vascular tissue of the same hosts and across a larger collection of complete Xanthomonas genomes. The results suggest a model in which complex sets of adaptations at the level of gene content account for host specificity and subtler adaptations at the level of amino acid or noncoding regulatory nucleotide sequence determine tissue specificity.The genus Xanthomonas is a member of the class Gammaproteobacteria and consists of 20 plant-associated species, many of which cause important diseases of crops and ornamentals. Individual species comprise multiple pathogenic variants (pathovars [pv.]). Collectively, members of the genus cause disease on at least 124 monocot species and 268 dicot species, including fruit and nut trees, solanaceous and brassicaceous plants, and cereals (32). They cause a variety of symptoms, including necrosis, cankers, spots, and blight, and they affect a variety of plant parts, including leaves, stems, and fruits (47). The broad host range of the genus contrasts strikingly with the * Corresponding author. Mailing address:

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Two New Complete Genome Sequences Offer Insight into Host and Tissue Specificity of Plant Pathogenic Xanthomonas spp

et al. 2011

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“…Indeed, we now know that XA21 binds a type I secreted, sulfated peptide called AxY s 22, derived from the Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) Ax21 protein, which is highly conserved in all Xanthomonas species as well as closely related genera (82,133).…”

Section: Some Plant Resistance Genes Recognize Conserved Microbial Simentioning

confidence: 99%

Plant Innate Immunity: Perception of Conserved Microbial Signatures

Schwessinger

Ronald

2012

Annu. Rev. Plant Biol.

306

252

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Plants and animals sense conserved microbial signatures through receptors localized to the plasma membrane and cytoplasm. These receptors typically carry or associate with non-arginine-aspartate (non-RD) kinases that initiate complex signaling networks cumulating in robust defense responses. In plants, coregulatory receptor kinases have been identified that not only are critical for the innate immune response but also serve an essential function in other regulatory signaling pathways.

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“…The biological function of Ax21 in Gram-negative bacteria is to mediate quorum sensing (QS), a process where small molecules serve as signals to recognize cell population size, leading to changes in expression of specific genes when the QS factor has accumulated to a certain threshold concentration 14, 15 . Ax21-mediated QS controls motility, biofilm formation and virulence in Xoo 13, 14 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tyrosine sulfation in a Gram-negative bacterium

et al. 2012

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Tyrosine sulfation, a well-characterized post-translation modification in eukaryotes, has not previously been reported in prokaryotes. Here we demonstrate that the RaxST protein from the Gram-negative bacterium, Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae, is a tyrosine sulfotransferase. We used a newly developed sulfotransferase assay and ultraviolet photodissociation mass spectrometry (UVPD) to demonstrate that RaxST catalyzes sulfation of tyrosine 22 of the Xoo Ax21 (activator of XA21-mediated immunity). These results demonstrate a previously undescribed post-translational modification in a prokaryotic species with implications extending to host immune response and bacterial cell-cell communication system.

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Secretion, modification, and regulation of Ax21

Cited by 28 publications

References 52 publications

Two New Complete Genome Sequences Offer Insight into Host and Tissue Specificity of Plant Pathogenic Xanthomonas spp

Two New Complete Genome Sequences Offer Insight into Host and Tissue Specificity of Plant Pathogenic Xanthomonas spp

Plant Innate Immunity: Perception of Conserved Microbial Signatures

Tyrosine sulfation in a Gram-negative bacterium

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