Secretion and Metabolism of Steroids in Primate Mammals During Pregnancy

Albrecht, Eugene D.; Pepe, Gerald J.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4612-1804-3_11

Cited by 8 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 307 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…The potential mechanisms underlying the maternal hormonal affects on the fetus are further complicated by the fact that the fetus is normally protected from high levels of maternal estrogens during pregnancy. In addition to being preferentially metabolized in the maternal circulation, these estrogen compounds are bound to serum proteins in maternal circulation and blocked by the fetoplacental unit, preventing most of the active substances from reaching sensitive fetal target tissues (Albrecht and Pepe 1998). Our study findings rely on a single assessment instrument for childhood behavior problems obtained via parental report and are, therefore, subject to reporting bias; the differential bias resulting from parents being more likely to report certain problem behaviors in boys may also inflate our effect estimates.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polymorphisms in the maternal sex steroid pathway are associated with behavior problems in male offspring

Miodovnik

Diplas

Chen

et al. 2012

Psychiatric Genetics

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Objective Slight perturbations in maternal sex steroid production and metabolism may interfere with normal fetal neurodevelopment. The balance of maternal estrogens and androgens may have direct fetal effects, may influence the fetal hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis or may alter local hormonal activity within the fetal brain. We investigated maternal functional polymorphisms of CYP17, CYP19 and CYP1B1, which control three major enzymatic steps in sex steroid biosynthesis and metabolism, in relation to childhood behaviors. Methods The Mount Sinai Children’s Environmental Health Study enrolled a multiethnic urban pregnancy cohort from 1998–2002 (n = 404). DNA was obtained from maternal blood (n=149) and from neonatal cord blood (n=53). At each visit, mothers completed the Behavior Assessment System for Children (BASC), a parent-reported questionnaire used to evaluate children for behavior problems. We focused on problem behaviors more commonly associated with ADHD (hyperactivity, attention problems, externalizing behaviors, conduct disorder, poor adaptability) to see if maternal genetic variants in sex steroid production and metabolism influence sexually-dimorphic behaviors in offspring. Results The more active gene variants were significantly associated with Attention Problems and poorer Adaptive Skills in male compared to female offspring. The CYP19 variant allele was also significantly associated with worse scores for boys on the Hyperactivity, Externalizing Problems Composite and Adaptive Skills Composite scales (p < 0.05). Conclusion We observed maladaptive behaviors in the male offspring of mothers who carried functional polymorphisms in the sex steroid pathway. The strongest associations were in domains commonly affected in Attention Deficit-Hyperactivity Disorder.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polymorphisms in the maternal sex steroid pathway are associated with behavior problems in male offspring

Miodovnik

Diplas

Chen

et al. 2012

Psychiatric Genetics

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The results of this test show that giving kebar grass (Biophytum petersianum) has an estrogenic activity that leads to increased secretion of estrogen hormones and will lead to ovarian and uterine vascularization.Vascularization is seen from the color of the mucosa to red due to increased blood vessel activity to the uterus.According to [15] an increase in the number of blood vessels to the uterus due to increased secretion of estrogen. Occurrence of vascularization of the uterus will accelerate blood flow to the uterus.This is reinforced by the opinion of [16], that estrogen can cause an increase in blood flow indirectly because there is also an increase in prostagladin which causes vasodilation of blood vessels in the endometrium and myometrium. After 7 days treatment showed that grass cleansing with 10% concentration (P3) still got scores with average 3 and was the highest score compared to other concentration and positive control having score score 2.5, whereas negative control had the lowest scoring average score and the equivalent of 5% concentration of 5% concentration (P2) grass extract, resulting in an average score of 1.5.…”

Section: Optimization Of Estrogenic Activities Of Kebar Grassextract mentioning

confidence: 98%

Optimization of Estrogenic Activities of Kebar Grassextract (Biophytum Petersianum) on White Female Mice (Mus musculus)

2019

ijrte

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Menopause occurs caused bythe decline of estrogen hormone due to the depletion of the ovarian egg. As estrogen levels decrease, the risk of osteoporosis, bone fractures, heart disease and even cancer increase. The kebar grass (Biophytum petersianum), which has long been used as atraditional fertility medicine by Papuans, is suspected to have anestrogenic activity. The purpose of this study was to determine the estrogenic activity of kebar grass extract on female mice (Musmusculus). Five experimental female mice groups were used in this study. Each group consisted of 5 mice.The negative control group was administered with aquadest; the positive control was administered withesthero conjugated estrogen 0.625 mg; the first group (P1) was administered with 3%kebargrass extract; the (P2) group was administered with 5% kebar grass extract and the (P3) was administered with 10% kebar grass extract. The experiment was carried out for 7days. The results of the study showed that the kebar grass extract has an estrogenic effects on female mice include to shorten the estrous cycle, prolong the estrous phase, improving the vascularity of ovary and uterus, and increase the weight of ovary and uterus. The highest estrogenic activity was reached when the mice was administered with 10% kebar grass extract..

show abstract

“…These hormones are secreted by the gonads, as well as the adrenal cortex and placenta, and act on target tissues throughout the body, including the brain. In primates, both estrogens and progestogens typically are elevated during much of pregnancy, especially the latter half; however, species differ considerably in the exact patterning of these elevations, the specific steroids secreted, and the circulating concentrations of those steroids (reviewed by Albrecht and Pepe, 1998; see also Saltzman et al, 2010). Sex steroids usually remain low and acyclic during the lactational period, in association with lactational anovulation (e.g., moustached tamarin, Saguinus mystax : Löttker et al, 2004; white-faced saki, Pithecia pithecia : Shideler et al, 1994; tufted capuchin, Cebus apella : Recabarren et al, 2000; rhesus macaque: Ördög et al, 1998; Japanese macaque, Macaca fuscata : Kondo et al, 2003; chimpanzee, Pan troglodytes : Shimizu et al, 2003).…”

Section: Estrogens and Progestogensmentioning

confidence: 99%

The neuroendocrinology of primate maternal behavior

Saltzman

Maestripieri

2011

Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry

115

112

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In nonhuman primates and humans, similar to other mammals, hormones are not strictly necessary for the expression of maternal behavior, but nevertheless influence variation in maternal responsiveness and parental behavior both within and between individuals. A growing number of correlational and experimental studies have indicated that high circulating estrogen concentrations during pregnancy increase maternal motivation and responsiveness to infant stimuli, while effects of prepartum or postpartum estrogens and progestogens on maternal behavior are less clear. Prolactin is thought to play a role in promoting paternal and alloparental care in primates, but little is known about the relationship between this hormone and maternal behavior. High circulating cortisol levels appear to enhance arousal and responsiveness to infant stimuli in young, relatively inexperienced female primates, but interfere with the expression of maternal behavior in older and more experienced mothers. Among neuropeptides and neurotransmitters, preliminary evidence indicates that oxytocin and endogenous opioids affect maternal attachment to infants, including maintenance of contact, grooming, and responses to separation. Brain serotonin affects anxiety and impulsivity, which in turn may affect maternal behaviors such as infant retrieval or rejection of infants' attempts to make contact with the mother. Although our understanding of the neuroendocrine correlates of primate maternal behavior has grown substantially in the last two decades, very little is known about the mechanisms underlying these effects, e.g., the extent to which these mechanisms may involve changes in perception, emotion, or cognition.

show abstract

Secretion and Metabolism of Steroids in Primate Mammals During Pregnancy

Cited by 8 publications

References 307 publications

Polymorphisms in the maternal sex steroid pathway are associated with behavior problems in male offspring

Polymorphisms in the maternal sex steroid pathway are associated with behavior problems in male offspring

Optimization of Estrogenic Activities of Kebar Grassextract (Biophytum Petersianum) on White Female Mice (Mus musculus)

The neuroendocrinology of primate maternal behavior

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About