Secretin, at the hub of water-salt homeostasis

Bai, Jenny Juan; Tan, Chong Da; Chow, Billy K. C.

doi:10.1152/ajprenal.00191.2015

Cited by 12 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 130 publications

(164 reference statements)

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“…Proteolytic cleaving sites at the extracellular loops of ENaC‐α and ‐γ are responsible for regulating the activity of ENaC (22). The very first aldosterone‐stimulated gene encodes the serum and glucocorticoid‐regulated kinase 1, which rapidly phosphorylates an E3 ligase—neural precursor cell expressed developmentally down‐regulated protein 4—to stabilize ENaCs on the plasma membrane of renal tubular principal cells for sodium conservation (23). ENaCs can be blocked by chemicals, such as amiloride, which is a potassium‐sparing diuretic that is commonly used as an indirect aldosterone antagonist for treatment of salt‐sensitive hypertension (24–26).…”

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confidence: 99%

Secretin is involved in sodium conservation through the renin‐angiotensin‐aldosterone system

Bai

Chow

2017

FASEB j.

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Secretin (SCT) and its receptor (SCTR) are important in fluid regulation at multiple levels the modulation of expression and translocation of renal aquaporin 2 and functions of central angiotensin II (ANGII). The functional interaction of SCT with peripheral ANGII, however, remains unknown. As the ANGII-aldosterone axis dominates the regulation of renal epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) function, we therefore tested whether SCT/SCTR can regulate sodium homeostasis the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. SCTR-knockout (SCTR) mice showed impaired aldosterone synthase (CYP11B2) expression and, consequently, aldosterone release upon intraperitoneal injection of ANGII. Endogenous ANGII production induced by dietary sodium restriction was higher in SCTR than in C57BL/6N [wild-type (WT)] mice, but CYP11B2 and aldosterone synthesis were not elevated. Reduced accumulation of cholesteryl ester-the precursor of aldosterone-was observed in adrenal glands of SCTR mice that were fed a low-sodium diet. Absence of SCTR resulted in elevated basal transcript levels of adrenal CYP11B2 and renal ENaCs. Although transcript and protein levels of ENaCs were similar in WT and SCTR mice under sodium restriction, ENaCs in SCTR mice were less sensitive to amiloride hydrochloride. In summary, the SCT/SCTR axis is involved in aldosterone precursor uptake, and the knockout of SCTR results in defective aldosterone biosynthesis/release and altered sensitivity of ENaCs to amiloride.-Bai, J., Chow, B. K. C. Secretin is involved in sodium conservation through the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system.

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Secretin is involved in sodium conservation through the renin‐angiotensin‐aldosterone system

Bai

Chow

2017

FASEB j.

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“…Arginine vasopressin, so named because its vasopressor (vascular) effects were identified before its renal effects were, enhances the production and subcellular movement of proteins known as 'aquaporins' [13,[14][15][16]. These protein water channels are inserted into the apical membranes of tubular epithelial cells where they enhance the ability of tubules to reabsorb water, thus conserving it.…”

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confidence: 99%

The Effects of Salt and Water Loading on Kidney Function in Healthy Undergraduates

Járomi¹,

Christopher²,

Brittany³

et al. 2019

AAP

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One-hundred forty-five students volunteered to test the effects of salt and water loading on kidney function. Students were investigated beginning at 8:40 a.m., 1:40 p.m., and 6:40 p.m. They were approximately evenly distributed between male and female genders and were of multiple cultural/ethnic backgrounds. Upon entering the laboratory baseline data were collected. Approximately half of the volunteers then consumed 200 mL of a 2.0% NaCl solution (n=77). The others directly consumed 1.0 L of tap water (n=68). Upon entering the laboratory baseline data were collected. The others directly consumed 1.0 L of tap water. Kidney function was monitored each 30 minutes for the next 90 minutes. Under baseline conditions, urine osmolality was elevated in all students (≥ 280 mOsm/kg) but was significantly (P<0.05) greater in the 8:40 a.m. group than in either of the p.m. groups. Urine specific gravity and sodium excretion were also elevated in the 8:40 a.m. group compared to the others. Urine flow rate was least in the 8:40 group and greatest in the 1:40 p.m. group. We conclude that in these students renal function was influenced by a diurnal pattern. We also conclude that without compelling incentives (e.g. financial, gradeinfluencing) it was virtually impossible to get students to comply with pre-experimental instructions (e.g. no salt-laden meals after 6:00 p.m. before the day of experimentation).

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“…For instance, estradiol acts mainly on the VP neurons in response to water deprivation, potentiating VP neuronal activation and VP secretion without altering VP mRNA expression (Vilhena-Franco et al, 2016 ). Bradykinin, thyrotropin-releasing hormone, neurotensin and opioids (Irazusta et al, 2001 ), as well as secretin (Bai et al, 2017 ) and prolactin (Seale et al, 2012 ), are also implicated in neurohumoral regulation of HB and their expressions are likely regulated by astrocytes. Lastly, astrocytes can participate in the synthesis of many hormones that, under different osmotic conditions, regulate osmolality by differential expression of peptidases involved in the maturation and degradation of peptide (pro)hormones and neuropeptides.…”

Section: Astrocytic Interaction With Hormones That Regulate Osmolalitmentioning

confidence: 99%

Astroglial Modulation of Hydromineral Balance and Cerebral Edema

Wang

Parpura

2018

Front. Mol. Neurosci.

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Maintenance of hydromineral balance (HB) is an essential condition for life activity at cellular, tissue, organ and system levels. This activity has been considered as a function of the osmotic regulatory system that focuses on hypothalamic vasopressin (VP) neurons, which can reflexively release VP into the brain and blood to meet the demand of HB. Recently, astrocytes have emerged as an essential component of the osmotic regulatory system in addition to functioning as a regulator of the HB at cellular and tissue levels. Astrocytes express all the components of osmoreceptors, including aquaporins, molecules of the extracellular matrix, integrins and transient receptor potential channels, with an operational dynamic range allowing them to detect and respond to osmotic changes, perhaps more efficiently than neurons. The resultant responses, i.e., astroglial morphological and functional plasticity in the supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei, can be conveyed, physically and chemically, to adjacent VP neurons, thereby influencing HB at the system level. In addition, astrocytes, particularly those in the circumventricular organs, are involved not only in VP-mediated osmotic regulation, but also in regulation of other osmolality-modulating hormones, including natriuretic peptides and angiotensin. Thus, astrocytes play a role in local/brain and systemic HB. The adaptive astrocytic reactions to osmotic challenges are associated with signaling events related to the expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein and aquaporin 4 to promote cell survival and repair. However, prolonged osmotic stress can initiate inflammatory and apoptotic signaling processes, leading to glial dysfunction and a variety of brain diseases. Among many diseases of brain injury and hydromineral disorders, cytotoxic and osmotic cerebral edemas are the most common pathological manifestation. Hyponatremia is the most common cause of osmotic cerebral edema. Overly fast correction of hyponatremia could lead to central pontine myelinolysis. Ischemic stroke exemplifies cytotoxic cerebral edema. In this review, we summarize and analyze the osmosensory functions of astrocytes and their implications in cerebral edema.

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Secretin, at the hub of water-salt homeostasis

Cited by 12 publications

References 130 publications

Secretin is involved in sodium conservation through the renin‐angiotensin‐aldosterone system

Secretin is involved in sodium conservation through the renin‐angiotensin‐aldosterone system

The Effects of Salt and Water Loading on Kidney Function in Healthy Undergraduates

Astroglial Modulation of Hydromineral Balance and Cerebral Edema

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