Secreted Proteases Control Autolysin-mediated Biofilm Growth of Staphylococcus aureus

Chen, Chen; Krishnan, Vengadesan; Macon, Kevin; Manne, Kartik; Narayana, S.V.L.; Schneewind, Olaf

doi:10.1074/jbc.m113.502039

Cited by 87 publications

(78 citation statements)

References 74 publications

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“…Staphylococcus epidermidis secretes a serine protease, Esp, which inhibits S. aureus biofilm formation (56). Esp degrades S. aureus biofilms by inactivating autolysins and preventing the release of DNA that is an essential component of the biofilm extracellular matrix (57). The presence of Corynebacterium spp.…”

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confidence: 99%

Multifaceted Interfaces of Bacterial Competition

2016

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bMicrobial communities span many orders of magnitude, ranging in scale from hundreds of cells on a single particle of soil to billions of cells within the lumen of the gastrointestinal tract. Bacterial cells in all habitats are members of densely populated local environments that facilitate competition between neighboring cells. Accordingly, bacteria require dynamic systems to respond to the competitive challenges and the fluctuations in environmental circumstances that tax their fitness. The assemblage of bacteria into communities provides an environment where competitive mechanisms are developed into new strategies for survival. In this minireview, we highlight a number of mechanisms used by bacteria to compete between species. We focus on recent discoveries that illustrate the dynamic and multifaceted functions used in bacterial competition and discuss how specific mechanisms provide a foundation for understanding bacterial community development and function.

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confidence: 99%

Multifaceted Interfaces of Bacterial Competition

2016

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“…S6) resulting in decreased biofilm formation. 17 Therefore, it is possible that the quorum sensing RNAIII-mediated synthesis of proteases may impact the production of biofilm to favor cell dissemination. 27 Besides LytM, it was previously shown that RNAIII repressed the synthesis of SA2353, encoding an amidase.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…7 Remodeling of the PG in S. aureus is in part achieved by different PG hydrolases (also known as autolysins) 8,9 whose functional redundancy may explain why individually, none of them are essential. [10][11][12] The PG hydrolases have also been associated with cell division and separation, protein secretion, biofilm formation [13][14][15][16][17][18][19] and with the bacterial programmed cell death (reviewed in 20 ). Within S. aureus, expression of the autolysins is repressed by the action of the 2-component systems ArlSR 21 and LytSR, 22 and the transcriptional regulator MgrA.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Various checkpoints prevent the synthesis ofStaphylococcus aureuspeptidoglycan hydrolase LytM in the stationary growth phase

et al. 2016

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In Staphylococcus aureus, peptidoglycan metabolism plays a role in the host inflammatory response and pathogenesis. Transcription of the peptidoglycan hydrolases is activated by the essential 2-component system WalKR at low cell density. During stationary growth phase, WalKR is not active and transcription of the peptidoglycan hydrolase genes is repressed. In this work, we studied regulation of expression of the glycylglycine endopeptidase LytM. We show that, in addition to the transcriptional regulation mediated by WalKR, the synthesis of LytM is negatively controlled by a unique mechanism at the stationary growth phase. We have identified 2 different mRNAs encoding lytM, which vary in the length of their 5 0 untranslated (5 0 UTR) regions. LytM is predominantly produced from the WalKR-regulated mRNA transcript carrying a short 5 0 UTR. The lytM mRNA is also transcribed as part of a polycistronic operon with the upstream SA0264 gene and is constitutively expressed. Although SA0264 protein can be synthesized from the longer operon transcript, lytM cannot be translated because its ribosome-binding site is sequestered into a translationally inactive secondary structure. In addition, the effector of the agr system, RNAIII, can inhibit translation of lytM present on the operon without altering the transcript level but does not have an effect on the translation of the upstream gene. We propose that this dual regulation of lytM expression, at the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels, contributes to prevent cell wall damage during the stationary phase of growth.

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“…The proteases encoded in the S. aureus genome are organized into four distinct operons mediating synthesis of a metalloprotease (Aur), seven serine proteases (SspA and SplA-F) (organized in two distinct operons), and two cysteine proteases (Staphopains ScpA and SspB) (Figure 1) [20,21]. The six Spl enzymes coded by splA-F do not require proteolytic activation.…”

Section: Extracellular Proteases Of S Aureusmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some other Staphylococcal surface proteins or cell wall associated proteins that have been implicated in surface attachment/adhesion and possibly biofilm formation include: SasX and SasC (structurally uncharacterized), FnBPs (Fibronectin binding proteins), ClfB and Protein A [5]. Extracellular DNA (eDNA), released from cells with the help of aureolysin, a S. aureus protein, contributes to the structural stability of S. aureus biofilms [5,20].…”

Section: Extracellular Matrix Composition Of S Aureus Biofilmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of Extracellular Proteases in Biofilm Disruption of Gram Positive Bacteria with Special Emphasis on Staphylococcus aureus Biofilms

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2014

Enz Eng

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Bacterial biofilms are multicellular structures akin to citadels which have individual bacterial cells embedded within a matrix of a self-synthesized polymeric or proteinaceous material. Since biofilms can establish themselves on both biotic and abiotic surfaces and that bacteria residing in these complex molecular structures are much more resistant to antimicrobial agents than their planktonic equivalents, makes these entities a medical and economic nuisance. Of late, several strategies have been investigated that intend to provide a sustainable solution to treat this problem. More recently role of extracellular proteases in disruption of already established bacterial biofilms and in prevention of biofilm formation itself has been demonstrated. The present review aims to collectively highlight the role of bacterial extracellular proteases in biofilm disruption of Gram positive bacteria. The article includes description of anti-biofilm activity of both endogenously produced extracellular proteases as well as extraneously applied proteases against biofilms formed by important Gram positive pathogens.

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Secreted Proteases Control Autolysin-mediated Biofilm Growth of Staphylococcus aureus

Cited by 87 publications

References 74 publications

Multifaceted Interfaces of Bacterial Competition

Multifaceted Interfaces of Bacterial Competition

Various checkpoints prevent the synthesis ofStaphylococcus aureuspeptidoglycan hydrolase LytM in the stationary growth phase

Role of Extracellular Proteases in Biofilm Disruption of Gram Positive Bacteria with Special Emphasis on Staphylococcus aureus Biofilms

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