Secreted enzymatic activities of ectomycorrhizal fungi as a case study of functional diversity and functional redundancy

Rineau, François; Courty, Pierre‐Emmanuel

doi:10.1007/s13595-010-0008-4

Cited by 51 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…, 2007; Jones et al. , 2010), supporting the view that ECM fungi display at least some degree of functional complementarity in their benefits to host plants (van der Heijden & Kuyper, 2003; Nara, 2006; Rineau & Courty, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 58%

Enzymatic activities and stable isotope patterns of ectomycorrhizal fungi in relation to phylogeny and exploration types in an afrotropical rain forest

et al. 2012

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Summary• Ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi obtain both mineral and simple organic nutrients from soil and transport these to plant roots. Natural abundance of stable isotopes ( 15 N and 13 C) in fruit bodies and potential enzymatic activities of ECM root tips provide insights into mineral nutrition of these mutualistic partners.• By combining rDNA sequence analysis with enzymatic and stable isotope assays of root tips, we hypothesized that phylogenetic affinities of ECM fungi are more important than ECM exploration type, soil horizon and host plant in explaining the differences in mineral nutrition of trees in an African lowland rainforest.• Ectomycorrhizal fungal species belonging to extraradical mycelium-rich morphotypes generally displayed the strongest potential activities of degradation enzymes, except for laccase. The signature of 15 N was determined by the ECM fungal lineage, but not by the exploration type.• Potential enzymatic activities of root tips were unrelated to 15 N signature of ECM root tip.The lack of correlation suggests that these methods address different aspects in plant nutrient uptake. Stable isotope analysis of root tips could provide an additional indirect assessment of fungal and plant nutrition that enables enhancement of taxonomic coverage and control for soil depth and internal nitrogen cycling in fungal tissues.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 58%

Enzymatic activities and stable isotope patterns of ectomycorrhizal fungi in relation to phylogeny and exploration types in an afrotropical rain forest

et al. 2012

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“…We thank Blanchette, R. Courty et al, 2010;Courty et al, 2011;Rineau and Courty, 2011;Tedersoo et al, 2012;Zwickl, 2006. …”

Section: Acknowledgmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional guild classification predicts the enzymatic role of fungi in litter and soil biogeochemistry

Talbot

Martin

Kohler

et al. 2015

Soil Biology and Biochemistry

127

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a b s t r a c tLinking community composition to ecosystem function is a challenge in complex microbial communities. We tested the hypothesis that key biological features of fungi -evolutionary history, functional guild, and abundance of functional genes e can predict the biogeochemical activity of fungal species during decay. We measured the activity of 10 different enzymes produced by 48 model fungal species on leaf litter in laboratory microcosms. Taxa included closely related species with different ecologies (i.e. species in different "functional guilds") and species with publicly available genomes. Decomposition capabilities differed less among phylogenetic lineages of fungi than among different functional guilds. Activity of carbohydrases and acid phosphatase was significantly higher in litter colonized by saprotrophs compared to ectomycorrhizal species. By contrast, oxidoreductase activities per unit fungal biomass were statistically similar across functional guilds, with white rot fungi having highest polyphenol oxidase activity and ectomycorrhizal fungi having highest peroxidase activity. On the ecosystem level, polyphenol oxidase activity in soil correlated with the abundance of white rot fungi, while soil peroxidase activity correlated with the abundance of ectomycorrhizal fungi in soil. Copy numbers of genes coding for different enzymes explained the activity of some carbohydrases and polyphenol oxidase produced by fungi in culture, but were not significantly better predictors of activity than specific functional guild. Collectively, our data suggest that quantifying the specific functional guilds of fungi in soil, potentially through environmental sequencing approaches, allows us to predict activity of enzymes that drive soil biogeochemical cycles.

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“…As a result of these differences, EM fungi are not equivalent mutualists (Egger and Hibbett 2004;Kipfer et al 2012). However, communities of EM fungi may function similarly through the aggregation of interspecific functional differences across EM fungal species (Jones et al 2010;Rineau and Courty 2011;Talbot et al 2014). Recognizing that most hosts are colonized by more than one species of EM fungi will be important in addressing the functional consequences for hosts of shifts in the composition of EM fungi.…”

Section: Changes In Em Fungal Community Composition and Diversitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Consequences for ectomycorrhizal fungi of the selective loss or gain of pine across landscapes

Karst

Randall

Gehring

2014

Botany

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Altered disturbance regimes and novel introductions are causing rapid shifts in the distribution of pines (Pinus L.). The functionally obligate symbiosis between pines and ectomycorrhizal (EM) fungi dictates that shifts in the distribution of one partner will affect the distribution of the other. In this review, we examine evidence for three hypotheses. (1) The loss of photosynthates through stress or tree mortality decreases the abundance of EM fungi and selects for less carbon-demanding species.(2) Pine introductions initiate establishment of novel EM fungal communities. (3) The extent of shifts in EM fungal abundance and community composition is mediated by surrounding vegetation. We find support for these hypotheses though changes in EM fungal abundance are variable and context-dependent. We posit that the consequences of shifts in EM fungal abundance and community composition extend beyond the individual tree to the landscape; these changes may affect population dynamics of both symbionts, ecosystem processes, and the conservation and evolution of fungi. In addition to conducting baseline surveys to assess the distribution of EM fungi, increasing our understanding of their function, morphology, propagation, and controls on host-specificity, and shifts would also assist in predicting the trajectory of ecosystems following the loss or gain of pine.Résumé : Les régimes de perturbation modifiés et les nouvelles introductions sont responsables des déplacements rapides de la distribution des pins (Pinus L.). La symbiose fonctionnelle obligée entre les pins et les champignons ectomycorhizes (EM) signifie que des changements dans la distribution d'un partenaire affectera la distribution de l'autre. Dans cet article de revue, les auteurs examinent les données qui soutiennent trois hypothèses. (1) La perte de photosynthats à cause du stress ou de la mortalité des arbres diminue l'abondance des champignons EM et sélectionne les espèces à demande plus faible en carbone.(2) L'introduction du pin initie l'établissement de nouvelles communautés d'EM fongiques. (3) L'étendue des changements d'abondance des EM fongiques et la composition de la communauté passent par l'intermédiaire de la végétation environnante. Les auteurs ont trouvé un appui à ces hypothèses à travers le fait que les changements d'abondance des EM fongiques sont variables et dépendent du contexte. Ils postulent que les conséquences de ces déplacements sur le plan de l'abondance des EM fongiques et de la composition de la communauté vont au delà de l'arbre individuel vers l'écosystème ; ces changements peuvent affecter la dynamique de la population des deux symbiotes, les processus de l'écosystème et la conservation et l'évolution des champignons. En plus de réaliser des estimations de référence afin d'évaluer la distribution des EM fongiques, il est nécessaire de mieux comprendre leur fonction, leur morphologie, leur propagation et les contrôles de la spécificité à un hôte et des déplacements, afin de prédire la trajectoire des écosystèmes à la suite d'une...

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Secreted enzymatic activities of ectomycorrhizal fungi as a case study of functional diversity and functional redundancy

Cited by 51 publications

References 48 publications

Enzymatic activities and stable isotope patterns of ectomycorrhizal fungi in relation to phylogeny and exploration types in an afrotropical rain forest

Enzymatic activities and stable isotope patterns of ectomycorrhizal fungi in relation to phylogeny and exploration types in an afrotropical rain forest

Functional guild classification predicts the enzymatic role of fungi in litter and soil biogeochemistry

Consequences for ectomycorrhizal fungi of the selective loss or gain of pine across landscapes

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