Secret lives and gender fluidity of people living with HIV in Hyderabad, India

Azhar, Sameena; Vaudrey, Jason; Gandham, Sabitha; Burr, Sean; Oruganti, Ganesh; Yeldandi, Vijay

doi:10.1002/jcop.22541

Cited by 10 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Table 1 summarises the descriptive characteristics of the 22 included articles. Of the 22 articles, 12 studies (13 articles) were conducted in Asia and the Pacific region (6–9, 11, 16, 20, 30–35), six in Africa (5, 12, 13, 36–38) and one study (two articles) in the Caribbean (19, 25). One study (39) collected data from participants in Zimbabwe and the USA and presented the results of these two groups separately.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For the purpose of this review, only the study results about the participants in Zimbabwe were included, as this fits the inclusion criteria. Of the 22 articles, thirteen were qualitative studies collecting data through one-on-one interviews (5, 6, 9, 12, 16, 19, 25, 31–35, 37). Nine articles used quantitative methods (7, 8, 11, 13, 20, 30, 36, 38, 39), of which seven were cross-sectional (7, 8, 11, 13, 36, 38, 39) and two were prospective cohort studies (20, 30).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The participants were recruited using convenient, purposive or snowball sampling techniques. Eight studies involved only married women (7, 9, 11–13, 20, 30, 34), nine involved a combination of married, widowed and single women (6, 8, 16, 31, 32, 36–39) and one study involved single women (33). Four studies did not report marital status of the participants (5, 19, 25, 35).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A lack of knowledge about how HIV is transmitted and prevented and the fear of contracting HIV through physical, social and healthcare-related contacts have often been reported as the main supporting factors for such stigma and discrimination against WLHIV (14, 15). For example, these lead to WLHIV being negatively labelled, avoided, rejected and excluded by others within families, communities and healthcare settings due to their HIV-positive status (16–18). Receiving a diagnosis and living with HIV also have negative economic consequences on women and their family through several mechanisms, such as women’s inability to work due to poor physical health condition, loss of employment leading a reduction in or loss of family incomes, and increased health expenditure (9, 19, 20).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

The impact of HIV on women living with HIV and their families in low- and middle-income countries: A systematic review

Fauk

Mwanri

Hawke

et al. 2022

Preprint

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HIV infection adds a significant burden to women in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), often leading to severe detrimental impact, not only on themselves, but also on their families and communities. Given that more than half of all people living with HIV globally are females (53%), this review seeks to understand the impact of HIV infection on women living with HIV (WLHIV) and their families in LMICs, and the interrelationships between one impact and another. A systematic review was conducted to find literature using the following databases: Medline, PsycINFO, CINAL, Emcare, Scopus and ProQuest. Research articles were included if they met the following inclusion criteria: conducted in LMICs, published in English language between January 1st 1990 and October 31st 2021, had full text available, involved WLHIV (married and unmarried), and focused on the impact of HIV on these women and their families. Critical appraisal tools developed by Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) were used to assess the methodological quality of the studies and thematic narrative synthesis was used to analyse the findings. A total of 22 articles met the inclusion criteria. The review showed that HIV has a range of negative consequences on WLHIV and their families including: (i) psychological impact, (ii) poor physical health and intimate partner violence, (iii) social impact, and (iv) economic impact. The findings indicate the need for targeted interventions, specific to WLHIV, that address the inequity and discrimination they face. These interventions should also incorporate education and sustainable support structures for WLHIV and their families.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

The impact of HIV on women living with HIV and their families in low- and middle-income countries: A systematic review

Fauk

Mwanri

Hawke

et al. 2022

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In the first study, we explore themes of stigma from interviews conducted with 16 cisgender women living with HIV in Hyderabad, India. Inclusion criteria for this study were as follows: (1) self-report as being HIV-positive, (2) residence in Hyderabad or Secunderabad, India, (3) proficiency in speaking Hindi/Urdu or Telugu, and (4) being between the ages of 18 and 50 years (Azhar et al, 2020(Azhar et al, , 2021.…”

Section: Hyderabad Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Navigating Intersectional Stigma: Strategies for Coping Among Cisgender Women of Color

Azhar

Gunn

2021

Qual Health Res

Self Cite

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Intersectionality is a critical tool for understanding how socially constructed categories shape multiple dimensions of lived experience. In this study, we apply an intersectional lens to explore how women of color from two different contexts, Hyderabad, India and Chicago, Illinois, manage gendered forms of stigma and oppression as they converge with other devalued statuses, namely living with HIV or having a history of drug use or incarceration. Applying intersectional stigma as our conceptual framework, and drawing from transnational feminist perspectives, we identified two overarching themes. Women in both contexts combat stigma by employing strategies of concealment within their romantic and familial systems. Moreover, women’s roles as mothers were critical sources for managing their complex illnesses and for accessing support. Using these experiences of stigma against women of color as our analytic lens, we offer an intersectional framework for qualitative health research involving marginalized cisgender women of color in transnational contexts.

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Associations between HIV stigma, gender, and depression among people living with HIV in Hyderabad, India

Azhar

Jokhakar

Vaudrey

et al. 2022

Journal Community Psychology

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The goal of this study was to explore the association between HIV stigma and depression and whether gender moderated this relationship. The theoretical framework for the study combined an adapted version of Goffman's conceptualization of stigma with gender role theory. We surveyed 150 individuals living with HIV in Hyderabad, India (51 cisgender women, 49 cisgender men, and 50 third gender people) on their experiences with HIV stigma. While third gender people had statistically higher scores for HIV stigma over their cisgender counterparts, the association between each of three different forms of stigma (internalized stigma, perceived stigma, and experienced stigma) on depression was negatively moderated by third gender status. This demonstrates that third gender research participants who experienced certain forms of HIV stigma were less likely to be depressed than cisgender participants. These findings indicate resilience amongst third gender people living with HIV and can be used to better tailor social policies and gender-affirming HIV care programs in south India.

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Secret lives and gender fluidity of people living with HIV in Hyderabad, India

Abstract: This mixed-methods study sought to explore gender fluidity among people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in Hyderabad, India, almost all of whom did not identify as hijra. Sixteen gender-nonconforming people

Cited by 10 publications

References 31 publications

The impact of HIV on women living with HIV and their families in low- and middle-income countries: A systematic review

The impact of HIV on women living with HIV and their families in low- and middle-income countries: A systematic review

Navigating Intersectional Stigma: Strategies for Coping Among Cisgender Women of Color

Associations between HIV stigma, gender, and depression among people living with HIV in Hyderabad, India

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