Secret Key Establishment via RSS Trajectory Matching Between Wearable Devices

Ma, Li-Chuan; Pei, Qingqi; Markwood, Ian; Liu, Yao; Zhu, Haojin

doi:10.1109/tifs.2017.2768020

Cited by 62 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…The time interval is thus in the order of milliseconds and a high measurement correlation can be expected in a slow fading channel. Therefore, several prototypes and experiments are relying on IEEE 802.15.4 [221].…”

Section: A Application Scenariosmentioning

confidence: 99%

A New Frontier for IoT Security Emerging From Three Decades of Key Generation Relying on Wireless Channels

et al. 2020

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The Internet of Things (IoT) is a transformative technology, which is revolutionizing our everyday life by connecting everyone and everything together. The massive number of devices are preferably connected wirelessly because of the easy installment and flexible deployment. However, the broadcast nature of the wireless medium makes the information accessible to everyone including malicious users, which should hence be protected by encryption. Unfortunately, the secure and efficient provision of cryptographic keys for low-cost IoT devices is challenging; weak keys have resulted in severe security breaches, as evidenced by numerous notorious cyberattacks. This paper provides a comprehensive survey of lightweight security solutions conceived for IoT, relying on key generation from wireless channels. We first introduce the key generation fundamentals and protocols. We then examine how to apply this emerging technique to secure IoT and demonstrate that key generation relying on the randomness of wireless channels is eminently suitable for IoT. This paper reviews the extensive research efforts in the areas of theoretical modelling, simulation based validation and experimental exploration. We finally discuss the hurdles and challenges that key generation is facing and suggest future work to make key generation a reliable and secure solution to safeguard the IoT.

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Section: A Application Scenariosmentioning

confidence: 99%

A New Frontier for IoT Security Emerging From Three Decades of Key Generation Relying on Wireless Channels

et al. 2020

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“…In order to obtain correlated channel observations, key generation is usually studied with the aid of systems operating in time division duplexing (TDD) mode, e.g. Wi-Fi [6]- [9], ZigBee [4], [10]- [12], Bluetooth [13], and LoRa [14]- [16], etc. 2 A station is a device that supports Wi-Fi functions in the Wi-Fi terminology.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) randomness test suite [31] is a popular tool for evaluating the randomness of the output of the random number generator (RNG) and pseudo random number generator (PRNG). It has been widely used in the key generation research area [8]- [10], [12]- [14], [17], [21], [28], [30], and it is also adopted in this paper.…”

Section: Metricsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design of an Efficient OFDMA-Based Multi-User Key Generation Protocol

Zhang

Ding

Liu

et al. 2019

IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol.

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Secret key generation exploits the unique random features of wireless channels, hence it is eminently suitable for the resource constrained Internet of Things applications. However, it has only been involved for single links between a pair of users, whilst there is a paucity of literature on group and multi-user key generation. This paper proposes an orthogonal frequency-division multiple access (OFDMA)-based multi-user key generation protocol to efficiently establish keys in a star topology. The uplink and downlink multi-user access facilitated by OFDMA allows the central node to simultaneously communicate with multiple users, which can significantly reduce the channel probing overhead. In particular, we provide a compelling case study of multi-user secret key generation by designing a prototype based on IEEE 802.11ax, a new Wi-Fi standard to be released. Our simulation results have demonstrated that the OFDMA-based multi-user key generation protocol incurs low interference amongst the users, whilst benefiting from channel reciprocity and generating unique random keys.

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“…Step 8: Alice and Bob estimate the channel alternatively and obtain G (2) A and G (2) B , respectively. For Bob, key sequence K B is generated by directly quantizing G should be normalized and then be input into the trained neural network block by block.…”

Section: Neural Network Based Prediction Algorithmmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For Bob, key sequence K B is generated by directly quantizing G should be normalized and then be input into the trained neural network block by block. After inverse-normalizing the output, prediction results based on G (2) A is obtained, from which key sequence K A can be generated at Alice.…”

Section: Neural Network Based Prediction Algorithmmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wireless Key Generation from Imperfect Channel State Information: Performance Analysis and Improvements

Guan¹,

Ding²,

Cai³

et al. 2019

2019 IEEE International Conference on Communications Workshops (ICC Workshops)

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The basis of generating secret key from the common wireless channel at two communication parties is reciprocity. However, due to non-simultaneous measurements and unavoidable estimation error, bias always exists and key disagreement occurs. In this paper, performance analysis and improvements for key generation exploiting imperfect channel statement information (CSI) is studied. Firstly, the closed-form expression for key disagreement rate (KDR) is derived to evaluate the key mismatch caused by time delay and estimation error. Secondly, the energy efficiency involving power allocation between key generation and private data transmission is presented. After that, a neural network based prediction (NNBP) algorithm is proposed to improve the key consistency. Simulation results verify the theoretical analysis and show that NNBP achieves significant improvements. And it's interesting to find that NNBP algorithm achieves a higher performance gain in low signal-to-noise ration (SNR) and high delay condition, which is different from other methods, like guard band based quantizer (GBBQ).

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Secret Key Establishment via RSS Trajectory Matching Between Wearable Devices

Cited by 62 publications

References 38 publications

A New Frontier for IoT Security Emerging From Three Decades of Key Generation Relying on Wireless Channels

A New Frontier for IoT Security Emerging From Three Decades of Key Generation Relying on Wireless Channels

Design of an Efficient OFDMA-Based Multi-User Key Generation Protocol

Wireless Key Generation from Imperfect Channel State Information: Performance Analysis and Improvements

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