Secret-free security: a survey and tutorial

Rührmair, Ulrich

doi:10.1007/s13389-021-00283-6

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 68 publications

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“…This usually complicates key extraction 2 and side channel attacks 9 . Finally, some special, advanced subclass of PUFs can re-main practically unclonable and thus secure even if all their internal disorder and structure is known, simply due to the current limits of nanofabrication 5,10 . This makes these special PUFs innately immune against any key-extracting and even any secret-extracting attacks, an seminal property sometimes referred to as "secretfreeness" 10 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantifying the Sensitivity and Unclonability of Optical Physical Unclonable Functions

Lio¹,

Nocentini²,

Pattelli³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Due to their unmatched entropy, complexity, and security level, optical Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) currently receive a lot of interest in the literature. Despite the large body of existing works, however, one of their core features has never been quantified in detail, namely their physical unclonability. This paper tackles this fundamental and yet largely unaddressed issue. In simulations and/or experiments, the sensitivity of diffraction-based optical responses is investigated with respect to various small alterations such as variation in the position, size, and number of the scatterers, as well as perturbations in the spatial alignment between the physical unclonable function (PUF) and the measurement apparatus. Our analysis focuses on 2D optical PUFs because of their relevance in integrated applications and the need to reply to security concerns that can be raised when the physical structure of the geometry is accessible. Among the results of this study, the sensitivity analysis shows that a positional perturbation of scatterers on the order of 30 nm, i.e., far below the wavelength of the probing laser light of 632 nm wavelength, is sufficient to invalidate the PUF response and thus detect a forgery attempt. These results support and quantify the high adversarial efforts required to clone optical PUFs, even for 2D layouts.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantifying the Sensitivity and Unclonability of Optical Physical Unclonable Functions

Lio¹,

Nocentini²,

Pattelli³

et al. 2022

Preprint

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…[ 9 ] Finally, some special, advanced subclasses of PUFs can remain practically unclonable and thus secure even if all their internal disorder and structure is known, simply due to the current limits of nanofabrication. [ 5,10 ] This makes these special PUFs innately immune against any key‐extracting and even any secret‐extracting attacks, a seminal property sometimes referred to as “secret‐freeness”. [ 10 ]…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[ 5,10 ] This makes these special PUFs innately immune against any key‐extracting and even any secret‐extracting attacks, a seminal property sometimes referred to as “secret‐freeness”. [ 10 ]…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…advanced subclasses of PUFs can remain practically unclonable and thus secure even if all their internal disorder and structure is known, simply due to the current limits of nanofabrication. [5,10] This makes these special PUFs innately immune against any keyextracting and even any secret-extracting attacks, a seminal property sometimes referred to as "secret-freeness". [10] Within the ample research landscape of magnetic, [11] silicon [6,[12][13][14][15] or radiowave-based [16] PUFs, optical and photonic versions have played a pivotal role since their first proposal in 2002 [5] and subsequently implemented in a quantum read-out scheme.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[5,10] This makes these special PUFs innately immune against any keyextracting and even any secret-extracting attacks, a seminal property sometimes referred to as "secret-freeness". [10] Within the ample research landscape of magnetic, [11] silicon [6,[12][13][14][15] or radiowave-based [16] PUFs, optical and photonic versions have played a pivotal role since their first proposal in 2002 [5] and subsequently implemented in a quantum read-out scheme. [17,18] A generic optical physical unclonable function consists typically of a scattering material, which generates a complex light diffraction pattern when illuminated with coherent light, providing a particularly sensitive and convenient probing mechanism for such systems.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Quantifying the Sensitivity and Unclonability of Optical Physical Unclonable Functions

Lio

Nocentini

Pattelli

et al. 2022

Advanced Photonics Research

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According to recent estimates, [1] the looming internet of things and worldwide information exchange by the year 2018-2023 will produce a global data stream of around tens zettabytes per annum. This requires secure and reliable authentication methods in order to protect private information and to safeguard access to personal devices and services. The currently widespread techniques to this end rely on the permanent storage of digital secret keys in electronic devices, for example, in smartphones, car keys, bank cards, passports, or computers. Unfortunately, the last decades have seen an explosion of attacks that can extract such keys unnoticedly, including sophisticated malware and physical methods. [2][3][4] This obviously calls for new authentication approaches with improved security features.The use of nondigital primitives such as physical unclonable functions (PUFs) constitutes a promising new avenue in this context. [5][6][7][8] PUFs are randomly structured physical systems which exhibit a complex input-output or, in PUF parlance, "challenge-response" behavior that is unique to each PUF. Their uncontrollable individual disorder on small length scales makes them practically unclonable, even for their original manufacturer. Due to their physical nature, randomness, and unclonability, PUFs can disable various popular attack vectors compared to classical, permanently stored keys: For example, their physical nature obviously prevents that PUFs are stolen remotely over a purely digital data connection by attackers. [2,9] As another example, PUFs allow the short-term derivation of individual secret key material in devices, avoiding the long-term and attack-prone presence of secrets in digital memory. This usually complicates key extraction [2] and side channel attacks. [9] Finally, some special,

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SpyHammer: Understanding and Exploiting RowHammer Under Fine-Grained Temperature Variations

Orosa,

Rührmair,

Giray Yağlikçi

et al. 2024

IEEE Access

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Secret-free security: a survey and tutorial

Cited by 8 publications

References 68 publications

Quantifying the Sensitivity and Unclonability of Optical Physical Unclonable Functions

Quantifying the Sensitivity and Unclonability of Optical Physical Unclonable Functions

Quantifying the Sensitivity and Unclonability of Optical Physical Unclonable Functions

SpyHammer: Understanding and Exploiting RowHammer Under Fine-Grained Temperature Variations

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