Secrecy Zone Achieved by Directional Modulation With Random Frequency Diverse Array

Wang, Shuaiyu; Yan, Shihao; Jia, Zhang; Yang, Nan; Chen, Riqing; Shu, Feng

doi:10.1109/tvt.2021.3054803

Cited by 10 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…In the traditional FDA model adopted in [33]- [37], the carrier frequency of the i th antenna is assumed to be f i = f 0 + ∆f i , where ∆f i ≪ f 0 . For analysis simplicity, we assume the FDA to be a uniform linear array here.…”

Section: ) Traditional Frequency Diverse Array Range Security Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

On Multiple-Antenna Techniques for Physical-Layer Range Security in the Terahertz Band

Gao,

Han,

et al. 2024

IEEE Open J. Commun. Soc.

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Terahertz (THz) communications have naturally promising physical layer security (PLS) performance since narrow beams created by antenna arrays can effectively prevent eavesdroppers outside the beam from overhearing legitimate messages. However, eavesdroppers residing in the THz beam sector are still threatening even with the equipment of traditional multi-antenna techniques. This security challenge is referred to range security, since the range of the legitimate receiver and the eavesdropper differs. To address this problem, in this paper, a fundamental theoretical analysis on multiple-antenna techniques to provide range security is studied. Based on this, the frequency diverse array, as a candidate multipleantenna technique, is proven ineffective in addressing the range security problem. Moreover, a widelyspaced array and beamforming design for THz range security is demonstrated. A non-constrained optimum approaching (NCOA) algorithm is proposed to achieve sub-optimal performance based on a THz-specific multiple-antenna array structure. Simulation results illustrate that our proposed widely-spaced antenna communication scheme can ensure a 6 bps/Hz secrecy rate when the transmit power is 10 dBm and the propagation distance is 10 m.INDEX TERMS Terahertz communications, Widely-spaced array.

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Section: ) Traditional Frequency Diverse Array Range Security Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

On Multiple-Antenna Techniques for Physical-Layer Range Security in the Terahertz Band

Gao,

Han,

et al. 2024

IEEE Open J. Commun. Soc.

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“…More recent implementations have explored range-angledependent DM through FDAs [16], RFDAs [17], or random-subcarrier-selection [18], combined with artificial noise injection to enhance secrecy performance. Notably for geocasting, [19] investigates the spatial properties of the RFDA-DM secrecy zone. However, [16]- [19] are limited to single user scenarios, no longer satisfying the broadcasting aspect of geocasting.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Notably for geocasting, [19] investigates the spatial properties of the RFDA-DM secrecy zone. However, [16]- [19] are limited to single user scenarios, no longer satisfying the broadcasting aspect of geocasting. Multi-user broadcasting for DM has been achieved, first in the angular-domain [20] and later the range-angle-domain [21], [22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

OFDM-Based Spatial Data Focusing for Wireless Physical Layer Geocasting in Multipath Channels

Molineaux

Horlin

Doncker

et al. 2022

IEEE Trans. Wireless Commun.

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OFDM-based spatial data focusing (OFDM-SDF) is proposed as a novel means of performing wireless physical layer geocasting, i.e. spatially confined broadcasting. It is shown that this approach overcomes beamforming and directional modulation (DM) limitations by exhibiting higher spatial precision with a reduced number of antennas and offering uncoupled range-angledependent focusing. This paper describes the OFDM-SDF system model for multipath channels, including multipath robust equalization, design rules for steering phases and sidelobe mitigation, analytical geocast delivery zone derivation, and optimized symbol mapping. Using density-based clustering of the spatial bit error rate distribution, a procedure for identifying a practical geocast delivery zone and evaluating its precision and connectivity is proposed. OFDM-SDF's performance and multipath robustness are evaluated through Rice channel simulations as a function of the Rice factor. In particular, it is shown that a 2-antenna OFDM-SDF array matches the radial and angular precision of, respectively, a 6 and 12-antenna DM array in recent literature, while robustness is ensured for 5G small cell channels.

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“…In Reference 15, the time‐modulated DM with a retrodirective FDA is used to enhance security. DM beam pattern using FDA antenna can be generated for secure range‐azimuth dependent signal transmission in References 16–18. In Reference 19, DM with the artificial noise based on random FDA is designed for secure beamforming vector.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Position‐sensitivity security transmission with orbital angular momentum directional modulation based on frequency diverse array

Zhu

Song

Dang

et al. 2022

Trans Emerging Tel Tech

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The position-sensitivity security communication scheme with orbital angular momentum (OAM) directional modulation (DM) beam pattern generated by the uniform circular frequency diverse array (FDA) is proposed. The transmitter employs FDA antennas to generate dual-mode range-dependent OAM beam and the direction information of OAM beam is modulated into the signal. The designed signal with random frequency offset excites the element of the uniform circular FDA to generate orthogonal OAM signals in the desired position. In the undesired position, the intensity pattern and the phase front of the radio beam vary randomly with the digital sequence transmission, which can make eavesdropping difficult. Since the modulation waveform has position-dependent, the signal can be purposely distorted in undesired positions to provide transmission security for the legitimate user. The composite dual-mode OAM signal makes it more difficult for eavesdroppers to demodulate correct messages. The receiver with a single antenna employs the phase compensation and helical phase factor to restore the correct digital signal in the desired position. Numerical results show that the space position-sensitivity OAM-DM technology based on FDA offers a security transmission scheme.

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Secrecy Zone Achieved by Directional Modulation With Random Frequency Diverse Array

Cited by 10 publications

References 23 publications

On Multiple-Antenna Techniques for Physical-Layer Range Security in the Terahertz Band

On Multiple-Antenna Techniques for Physical-Layer Range Security in the Terahertz Band

OFDM-Based Spatial Data Focusing for Wireless Physical Layer Geocasting in Multipath Channels

Position‐sensitivity security transmission with orbital angular momentum directional modulation based on frequency diverse array

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