Secrecy Performance of Decode-and-Forward Based Hybrid RF/VLC Relaying Systems

Al-Khori, Jaber; Nauryzbayev, Galymzhan; Abdallah, Mohamed; Hamdi, Mounir

doi:10.1109/access.2019.2891678

Cited by 36 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…Security for hybrid VLC/RF networks was investigated in [119]- [122]. In [119], a downlink hybrid RF/VLC wiretap system was considered, where one RF AP, equipped with multiple antennas, and one VLC transmitter, equipped with multiple LEDs, communicate jointly with one AU in the presence of one ED.…”

Section: Hybrid Vlc/rf Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The authors derived the secrecy outage probability using stochastic geometry and evaluated the secrecy performance of the system with respect to the geometry of the coverage area. Recently, the authors in [122] investigated the secrecy performance of a hybrid VLC/RF system equipped with decode-and-forward relaying, where they developed PLS algorithms based on ZF beamforming techniques that mitigate eavesdropping in both RF and VLC networks.…”

Section: Hybrid Vlc/rf Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Physical Layer Security for Visible Light Communication Systems: A Survey

Arfaoui

Soltani

Tavakkolnia

et al. 2020

IEEE Commun. Surv. Tutorials

155

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Due to the dramatic increase in high data rate services and in order to meet the demands of the fifth-generation (5G) networks, researchers from both academia and industry are exploring advanced transmission techniques, new network architectures and new frequency spectrum such as the visible light and the millimeter wave (mmWave) spectra. Visible light communication (VLC) particularly is an emerging technology that has been introduced as a promising solution for 5G and beyond, owing to the large unexploited spectrum, which translates to significantly high data rates. Although VLC systems are more immune against interference and less susceptible to security vulnerabilities since light does not penetrate through walls, security issues arise naturally in VLC channels due to their open and broadcasting nature, compared to fiber-optic systems. In addition, since VLC is considered to be an enabling technology for 5G, and security is one of the 5G fundamental requirements, security issues should be carefully addressed and resolved in the VLC context. On the other hand, due to the success of physical layer security (PLS) in improving the security of radio-frequency (RF) wireless networks, extending such PLS techniques to VLC systems has been of great interest. Only two survey papers on security in VLC have been published in the literature. However, a comparative and unified survey on PLS for VLC from information theoretic and signal processing point of views is still missing. This paper covers almost all aspects of PLS for VLC, including different channel models, input distributions, network configurations, precoding/signaling strategies, and secrecy capacity and information rates. Furthermore, we propose a number of timely and open research directions for PLS-VLC systems, including the application of measurement-based indoor and outdoor channel models, incorporating user mobility and device orientation into the channel model, and combining VLC and RF systems to realize the potential of such technologies.

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Section: Hybrid Vlc/rf Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Hybrid Vlc/rf Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical Layer Security for Visible Light Communication Systems: A Survey

Arfaoui

Soltani

Tavakkolnia

et al. 2020

IEEE Commun. Surv. Tutorials

155

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“…Since the physical layer security (PLS) utilizes the randomness of the wireless channel and noise, it is often considered to be a viable solution to ensure secure communication and prevent eavesdropping and jamming attacks [11]. In reference [9], PLS characteristics of the hybrid RF/VLC system were studied, the problem of minimizing the power consumption was also studied, and a zero-forcing beamforming strategy and a minimum power allocation algorithm were proposed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In reference [20], the secrecy outage performance of a mixed RF/FSO system with imperfect CSI was analyzed. To the best of the authors' knowledge, in the aforementioned works, Shannon's capacity is often employed to evaluate the performance of the VLC link [11,12]. However, in the actual VLC environment, the visible-light signal is an optical intensity signal, which means that the signal amplitude of the VLC system is non-negative.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Secrecy Performance Analysis of Hybrid RF/VLC Dual-Hop Relaying Systems

et al. 2021

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In this article, the secrecy performance of a hybrid radio frequency (RF)/visible light communication (VLC) system is studied. In this hybrid system, the source node (i.e., Alice) transmits information to the relay node via the outdoor RF link. Nakagami-m fading and path loss are considered for the RF link. The relay node includes an outdoor component and an indoor component, which are connected by using a wired medium. The outdoor component receives and recovers information by using the decode-and-forward (DF) relaying scheme and then transmits it to the indoor component. The indoor component then converts the received electrical signal into an optical signal by using a light-emitting diode. A legitimate receiver (i.e., Bob) deployed on the floor receives the optical signal. An eavesdropper (i.e., Eve) deployed in the RF or VLC link wiretaps the confidential information. In this study, we use the secrecy outage probability (SOP) and the probability of strictly positive secrecy capacity (SPSC) to evaluate the system performance. We then obtain the closed-form expression for a lower bound on the SOP and an exact closed-form expression for the probability of SPSC when the RF and VLC links are wiretapped, respectively. Numerical results are presented to validate the accuracy of our derivations. We further discuss the effects of the noise standard deviation, the equivalent threshold of the signal-to-noise ratio, and the floor radius on the system secrecy performance when the VLC link is eavesdropped upon. For the case when the RF link is eavesdropped upon, the impacts of the distance between Alice and the relay, the path loss exponent, the fading factor, and the distance between Alice and Eve on secrecy performance are also provided.

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“…Another appealing advantage of the VLC is due to the fact that the light beams used in VLC are confined spatially within a bounded chamber. This hinders their penetration and, in turn, makes VLC secure against several types of attacks that can occur to RF systems [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

MSAM: Modular Statistical Analytical Model for MAC and Queuing Latency of VLC Networks under ICS Conditions

Baz

2021

Electronics

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Visible Light Communication (VLC) offers distinctive advantages over conventional radio frequency; wide unlicensed spectrum, resistance to electrometric interference and low susceptibility to security risks, are few to name. Excitingly, VLC becomes a cornerstone in several communication systems such as light fidelity, optical camera communication and the Internet of Radio Light. Most of these networks adopt the Carrier Sensing Multiple Access-Collision Avoidance (CSMA-CA) of IEEE 802.15.7, the official standard for the VLC, as a Medium Access Control (MAC) protocol. Motivated by the crucial roles of MAC in shaping the performance of the VLC and the wide variety of operational conditions demanded by the enormous applications, this paper proposes a Modular Statistical Analytical Model (MSAM). The fundamental approach of MSAM is to segregate the interacting stochastic processes imposed by the CSMA-CA protocol into a set of its elementary subprocesses. The MSAM then synthesises these processes in such a way that quantifies their mutual dependency without making a strict assumption on their characteristics; thus, different operational conditions can be assessed without a need to reconstruct the model. Besides, MSAM employs the radiometry and photometry of VLC to derive mathematical expressions describing the hidden and exposed nodes from which the Imperfect Carrier Sensing (ICS) conditions are defined. The MSAM exploits statistical and queuing theorems to model a VLC as a network of G/G/1 queues from which several probability distributions, characterising the operations of VLC from different perspectives, are derived. Inter-departure, queuing, service time and successful service time are the main distributions in conjunction with throughput, total delay, probability of exposed and hidden node collisions, which are the main outputs of MSAM. Validation for the integrity of the MSAM under different scenarios is carried out by conducting a head-to-head comparison between its results and simulation outcomes.

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Secrecy Performance of Decode-and-Forward Based Hybrid RF/VLC Relaying Systems

Cited by 36 publications

References 44 publications

Physical Layer Security for Visible Light Communication Systems: A Survey

Physical Layer Security for Visible Light Communication Systems: A Survey

Secrecy Performance Analysis of Hybrid RF/VLC Dual-Hop Relaying Systems

MSAM: Modular Statistical Analytical Model for MAC and Queuing Latency of VLC Networks under ICS Conditions

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