Secondhand tobacco smoke in public venues in three Indonesian cities

Byron, Michael; Suhadi, Dollaris R.; Hepp, Lisa M.; Ávila-Tang, Érika; Yang, Jingyan; Asiani, Gema; Rubaeah, Rubaeah; Tamplin, Stephen A.; Bam, Tara Singh; Cohen, Joanna E.

doi:10.13181/mji.v22i4.606

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…As has been observed in Indonesia [20,21] and internationally [22,23,24], we found that non-enforcement of smoke-free laws fails to provide needed protection from SHS exposure for nonsmokers, including children. The PM 2.5 levels observed in this study were lower than those found in a 2009 convenience sample of 17 restaurants in Jakarta (~110 µg/m 3 ) [21] and in many similar venues sampled globally [16,25,26]. Nonetheless, extended exposure to the PM 2.5 levels observed in this study would be far in excess of the annual average standard of 10 µg/m 3 recommended by the WHO [17].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 62%

Children’s Exposure to Secondhand Smoke during Ramadan in Jakarta, Indonesia

Luntungan¹,

Byron

Hovell

et al. 2016

IJERPH

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Secondhand smoke exposure (SHS) causes a disproportionate health burden for children, yet existing smoke-free laws are often poorly enforced. We monitored air quality while observing children and adult nonsmokers present in public venues during Ramadan, a period of Muslim religious observance marked by family and social gatherings, in Jakarta, Indonesia. A repeated-measures design was used to assess indoor air quality during and after Ramadan in 43 restaurants and in five smoke-free control venues. Fine particulate matter of 2.5 microns or less (PM2.5) was sampled. The average number of children and active smokers present in each venue was also observed. PM2.5 levels were significantly higher during Ramadan (mean 86.5 µg/m3) compared with post-Ramadan (mean 63.2 µg/m3) in smoking venues (p = 0.015). During Ramadan, there were more active smokers (p = 0.012) and children (p = 0.051) observed in venues where smoking occurred, compared with the same venues post-Ramadan. Poor enforcement of the smoke-free law in Jakarta has failed to protect children from SHS exposure in public venues during Ramadan. Collaboration between the government, NGOs (such as the Indonesian Cancer Foundation (YKI) and the Smoking Control Foundation (LM3)), religious leaders, and venue owners and managers must be developed to ensure that the comprehensive smoking bans apply to all venues, and that smoke-free laws are enforced.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 62%

Children’s Exposure to Secondhand Smoke during Ramadan in Jakarta, Indonesia

Luntungan¹,

Byron

Hovell

et al. 2016

IJERPH

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“…Hal ini mengindikasikan bahwa tidak ada area khusus yang aman untuk perokok pasif, sehingga perlu didukung peraturan terkait bebas asap rokok di tempat-tempat umum. 6 Tingginya jumlah perokok aktif akan semakin meningkatkan risiko keterpaparan perokok pasif terhadap dampak lanjutan bagi kesehatan akibat menghirup asap rokok orang lain. Hal ini dapat diperburuk jika penegakan aturan KTR lemah dan atau kurangnya pemahaman masyarakat akan penerapan KTR.…”

Section: Pendahuluanunclassified

Gambaran Kesadaran Masyarakat terhadap Kawasan Tanpa Rokok di Indonesia

Tarigan

Yulianti

2019

jpppk

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Abstrak Merokok merupakan salah satu faktor risiko terhadap penyakit yang membahayakan, seperti jantung, stroke, kanker, dan lain sebagainya. Perilaku masyarakat khususnya perokok aktif yang merokok di sembarangan tempat masih cukup memprihatinkan. Perokok membebankan risiko merokok bukan hanya pada diri sendiri tetapi juga kepada orang lain yang ada di sekitarnya. Analisis dilakukan dengan menggunakan data GATS (Global Adult Tobacco Survey) 2011, dimana desain penelitian adalah cross sectional. Pemilihan sampel menggunakan teknik sampling proportional probabilitas to size (PPS). Hasil dari analisis antara lain: masyarakat yang terpapar rokok di dalam rumah lebih banyak pada kelompok laki-laki dibandingkan perempuan, yang terbanyak pada kelompok umur 45-64 tahun dengan pendidikan tidak tamat SD, tempat tinggal di pedesaan, dan pekerjaan wiraswasta. Kebijakan keluarga yang mengizinkan merokok dalam rumah sebesar 46,9%, dan seseorang yang merokok dalam rumah setiap hari mencapai 62,5%. Masyarakat yang terpapar rokok di ruang kerja sebesar 51,4%, dan kantor yang mengizinkan merokok dalam ruang kerja sebesar 38,4% dan yang tidak ada kebijakan sebesar 19,8%. Terpapar rokok di kantor pemerintahan 66,4%, di universitas 55,3%, di sekolah atau fasilitas pendidikan lainnya 40,3%, di fasilitas keagamaan 17,9%, di fasilitas kesehatan 18,4%, di bar atau klub 91,8%, dan transportasi umum 70,8%. Hasil ini dapat menjadi data dasar untuk mengembangkan intervensi program pengendalian tembakau yang efektif, termasuk menyediakan layanan berhenti merokok, terutama di fasilitas kesehatan. Pemerintah pusat dan daerah perlu meningkatkan sosialisasi tentang bahaya merokok di tempat-tempat umum dan dampaknya terhadap masyarakat khususnya yang bukan perokok; yaitu dengan membuat peraturan yang jelas dan tegas tentang pelarangan merokok di tempat-tempat umum dan memberikan sangsi yang tegas terhadap yang melanggar peraturan tersebut. Upaya layanan berhenti merokok dapat dilaksanakan dengan meningkatkan kegiatan promosi oleh tenaga kesehatan, sosialisasi ‘Quitline’ Kementerian Kesehatan, skrining CO2, bantuan konseling dan mengembangkan metode terapi berhenti merokok bagi para perokok aktif di berbagai fasilitas kesehatan yang tersedia. Kata kunci: rokok, perokok pasif, pengendalian tembakau Abstract Smoking is one of the risk factors for severe diseases, such as heart disease, stroke, cancer, and so on. The behavior of active smokers who smoke arbitrarily at many public places is still quite alarming. Smokers impose the risk of smoking not only on themselves but also to others around them. The analysis was performed using GATS (Global Adult Tobacco Survey) 2011 data, where the research design was cross-sectional. The sample selection uses a proportional probability to size (PPS) sampling technique. The results of the analysis show people who are exposed to cigarettes in the house are mostly males than females with the characteristics were at age groups 45-64 years old, educational level was not completed elementary school, living in rural areas, and self-employee. Family policies that allow smoking in the home were 46.9%, and someone who smokes in the house every day reaches 62.5%. People who are exposed to cigarettes in the workspace were 51.4% and offices that allow smoking in the workspace were 38.4% and those without any ‘free smoking area’ policy were 19.8%. Exposure to cigarettes was 66.4% in government offices, 55.3% in universities, 40.3% in schools or other educational facilities, 17.9% in religious facilities, 18.4% in health facilities, 91.8% in bars or clubs, and 70.8% in public transportation. These results could be a reference or base evidence in developing an effective tobacco control program, including providing smoking cessation services. Central and local governments need to increase awareness about the risk of smoking in public places and their impact on public health, especially for non-smokers, by issuing a strict regulation on free smoking areas in public places and enforce punishment to people who violate these regulations. The efforts to stop smoking services can be implemented by increasing promotion activities by health workers, socialization of the Ministry of Health 'Quitline', CO2 screening, counseling assistance and developing methods of smoking cessation therapy for active smokers in existing health facilities. Keywords: cigarette exposure, passive smokers, tobacco control

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“…Studies of smoke-free policies show that there is a positive impact on the health of the entire population and a decrease in smoking prevalence numbers [3]. A cross-sectional study from three cities in Indonesia ( Jakarta, Palembang and Bogor) also found that there is urgency to implement a widespread, comprehensive, 100% smoke-free policy in Indonesia without exceptions for designated smoking areas [4]. The adoption of a smoke-free policy in Indonesia is a critical decision for protecting individuals from second-hand smoke and reducing the high rate of smokers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%