Secondhand Smoke Is an Important Modifiable Risk Factor in Sickle Cell Disease: A Review of the Current Literature and Areas for Future Research

Sadreameli, S. Christy; Kopp, Benjamin T.; Creary, Susan E; Eakin, Michelle N.; McGrath‐Morrow, Sharon A.; Strouse, John J.

doi:10.3390/ijerph13111131

Cited by 15 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 59 publications

(119 reference statements)

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“…Cigarette smoking increases blood Hb levels (63,64), suggesting protection from anemia; however, CS may affect the incidence as well as the diagnosis of anemia by negatively affecting hematopoiesis and inducing polycythemia (65). Smoking may increase the risk of anemia during pregnancy, may worsen iron accumulation, and may exacerbate preexisting iron-related conditions such as sickle cell disease (60,66,67). Smokers also have lower serum ceruloplasmin levels than nonsmokers, suggesting impaired protection from reactive Fe 21 (68).…”

Section: Cigarette Smoking Alters Iron Homeostasis In the Lungmentioning

confidence: 99%

The “Iron”-y of Iron Overload and Iron Deficiency in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Cloonan

Mumby²,

Adcock³

et al. 2017

Am J Respir Crit Care Med

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Section: Cigarette Smoking Alters Iron Homeostasis In the Lungmentioning

confidence: 99%

The “Iron”-y of Iron Overload and Iron Deficiency in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Cloonan

Mumby²,

Adcock³

et al. 2017

Am J Respir Crit Care Med

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“…It is estimated that around 50 smokers can contribute to the death of one non-smoker individual who is exposed to SHS [ 3 ]. Meanwhile, passive smoking has significant contributions to the incidence of sickle cell disease [ 4 ]. In children, passive smoking has hazardous effects on lung and immune functions, and it can increase the severity of cystic fibrosis [ 5 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exposure and Risk Assessment of Second- and Third-Hand Tobacco Smoke Using Urinary Cotinine Levels in South Korea

Yang

Hashemi

Han

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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Exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) is the reason for approximately 1% of global mortality. ETS exposure can happen either as inhalation of direct cigarette smoke (second-hand smoke) or its associated residue particles (third-hand smoke), especially when living with a smoker in the same family. This study investigated the association between the urinary cotinine levels, as biomarkers of exposure to tobacco smoke, of smokers and those exposed to second-hand and third-hand smoke while living in the same family, through a Korean nationwide survey. Direct assessment of ETS exposure and its lifetime effect on human health is practically difficult. Therefore, this study evaluated the internal estimated daily intake (I-EDI) of nicotine and equivalent smoked cigarette per day (CPD). The carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic inhalation risks of ETS exposure were assessed by considering the calculated equivalent CPD and composition of cigarette smoke of high-selling cigarette brands in South Korea. The results show that there is a statistically significant positive correlation between the cotinine levels of smokers and those of the non-smokers living in the same family. The risk assessment results yielded that hazard index (HI) and total excess lifetime cancer risk (ECR) for both second-hand and third-hand smoke exposure can exceed 1 and 1 × 10−6, respectively, especially in women and children. In the composition of the cigarette smoke, 1,3-butadiene and acrolein substances had the highest contribution to HI and ECR. Consequently, the provision of appropriate plans for smoking cessation as a strategy for the prevention of ETS exposure to women and children is deemed necessary.

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“…A subsequent pediatric study found RSV was commonly associated with ACS in children, and disease severity was comparable to influenza 11 . Interestingly, multiple risk factors for severe RSV disease in the general pediatric population overlap with risk factors for ACS in children with SCD, including peak incidence in children <5 years of age, 12,13 underlying asthma diagnoses, 14,15 exposure to second‐hand smoke, 16,17 and winter seasonality 13,18 . Thus, children with SCD appear to have risk factors for RSV disease, although they are not currently considered a high‐risk group for whom palivizumab prophylaxis is recommended.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The burden of respiratory syncytial virus infections among children with sickle cell disease

Rostad

Maillis

Lai

et al. 2020

Pediatric Blood & Cancer

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Background: Although respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the leading cause of pediatric lower respiratory tract infections, the burden of RSV in children with sickle cell disease (SCD) is unknown. Methods: We conducted a retrospective, nested, case-control study of children with SCD <18 years who had respiratory viral panels (RVPs) performed at Children's Healthcare of Atlanta from 2012 to 2019. We abstracted the medical records to describe the demographics, clinical features, and outcomes of children who tested positive for RSV (cases) versus children who tested negative (controls). We calculated the annual incidence of RSV and related hospitalization rates with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) and used multivariate logistic regression to evaluate associations. Results: We identified 3676 RVP tests performed on 2636 patients over seven respiratory seasons resulting in 219/3676 (6.0%) RSV-positive tests among 160/2636 (6.1%) patients. The average annual incidence of laboratory-confirmed RSV infection among children with SCD was 34.3 (95% CI 18.7-49.8) and 3.8 (95% CI 0.5-7.0) cases per 1000 person-years for those <5 years and 5-18 years, respectively. The RSV-related hospitalization rate for children <5 years was 20.7 (95% CI 8.5-32.8) per 1000 person-years. RSV-positive cases were significantly younger than RSV-negative patients (3.8 years vs 7.6 years, P < .001). Of RSV-positive cases, 22 (13.8%) developed acute chest syndrome and nine (5.6%) required intensive care, which was not significantly different from RSV-negative children with SCD. Conclusion: RSV infections are common in children with SCD with higher burden in younger patients. RSV is associated with considerable morbidity, including higher rates of hospitalization compared to the general population.

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Secondhand Smoke Is an Important Modifiable Risk Factor in Sickle Cell Disease: A Review of the Current Literature and Areas for Future Research

Cited by 15 publications

References 59 publications

The “Iron”-y of Iron Overload and Iron Deficiency in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

The “Iron”-y of Iron Overload and Iron Deficiency in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Exposure and Risk Assessment of Second- and Third-Hand Tobacco Smoke Using Urinary Cotinine Levels in South Korea

The burden of respiratory syncytial virus infections among children with sickle cell disease

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