Secondhand smoke and atrial fibrillation: Data from the Health eHeart Study

Dixit, Shalini; Pletcher, Mark J.; Vittinghoff, Eric; Imburgia, Kourtney E.; Maguire, Carol; Whitman, Isaac R.; Glantz, Stanton A.; Olgin, Jeffrey E.; Marcus, Gregory M.

doi:10.1016/j.hrthm.2015.08.004

Cited by 61 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…The authors found that SHS exposure in utero and during childhood were associated with having atrial fibrillation later in life. The findings of this study indicated that SHS in early life may be an important, potentially modifiable risk factor for the development of late arrhythmia 163 .…”

Section: Cardiovascular Dysfunction Associated With Shs Exposure In Cmentioning

confidence: 66%

“…SHS exposure generates an autonomic system imbalance associated with increased cardiac vulnerability and may lead to arrhythmias such as atrial fibrillation, ventricular tachycardia, and ventricular fibrillation especially in those with other pre-existing CVD risks 163, 168–170 . There is a higher incidence of arrhythmias in adults with coronary artery disease and cardiomyopathy who have been exposed to SHS and specific components of SHS (carboxyhemoglobin), including an increased frequency of premature ventricular contractions during supine bicycle exercise testing and ventricular arrhythmias 168–170 .…”

Section: Cardiovascular Dysfunction Associated With Shs Exposure In Cmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Cardiovascular Consequences of Childhood Secondhand Tobacco Smoke Exposure: Prevailing Evidence, Burden, and Racial and Socioeconomic Disparities: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association

Raghuveer¹,

White²,

Hayman³

et al. 2016

Circulation

158

119

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Background Although public health programs have led to a substantial decrease in the prevalence of tobacco smoking, the adverse health effects of tobacco smoking is by no means a thing of the past. In the U.S, four out of 10 school aged children and 1 out of 3 adolescents are involuntarily exposed to second-hand tobacco smoke (SHS) with children of minority ethnic backgrounds and those living in low socioeconomic status households being disproportionately affected (68% and 43% respectively). Children are particularly vulnerable with little control over home and social environment and lack the understanding, agency, and ability to avoid SHS exposure on their own volition; they also have physiological or behavioral characteristics that render them especially susceptible to effects of SHS. Side stream smoke (the smoke burned directly off the end of the cigarette), a major component of SHS, contains a higher concentration of some toxins than mainstream smoke (inhaled by the smoker directly), making SHS potentially more dangerous than direct smoking. Compelling animal and human evidence shows that SHS exposure during childhood is detrimental to arterial function and structure resulting in premature atherosclerosis and its cardiovascular consequences. Childhood SHS exposure is also related to impaired cardiac autonomic function and changes in heart rate variability. In addition, childhood SHS exposure is associated with clustering of cardiometabolic risk factors such as obesity, dyslipidemia, and insulin resistance. Individualized interventions to reduce childhood exposure to SHS are shown to be at least modestly effective, so are broader based policy initiatives such as community smoking bans and increased taxation. Purpose The purpose of this statement is to summarize the available evidence on the cardiovascular health consequences of childhood SHS exposure which will support ongoing efforts to reduce and eliminate SHS exposure in this vulnerable population. This statement reviews relevant data from epidemiologic studies; laboratory based experiments, and controlled behavioral trials, concerning SHS and cardiovascular disease risk in children. Information regarding the effects of SHS exposure on the cardiovascular system in animal and pediatric studies, including vascular disruption and platelet activation, oxidation and inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, increased vascular stiffness, changes in vascular structure, and autonomic dysfunction are examined. Conclusion The epidemiological, observational and experimental evidence accumulated to date, demonstrates the detrimental long-term cardiovascular consequences of SHS exposure in children. Implications Increased awareness of these adverse effects will facilitate the development of targeted individual, family-centered and community public health interventions to reduce and ideally eliminate SHS exposure in the vulnerable pediatric population. This evidence calls for a robust public health policy that embraces “zero tolerance” to childhood SHS exposure.

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Section: Cardiovascular Dysfunction Associated With Shs Exposure In Cmentioning

confidence: 66%

Section: Cardiovascular Dysfunction Associated With Shs Exposure In Cmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cardiovascular Consequences of Childhood Secondhand Tobacco Smoke Exposure: Prevailing Evidence, Burden, and Racial and Socioeconomic Disparities: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association

Raghuveer¹,

White²,

Hayman³

et al. 2016

Circulation

158

119

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Demographic, medical, and sleep information were obtained by self-report, although well-validated standardized scales (PSQI, PHQ-9, IPAQ) were used. In addition, self-report of medical conditions within the Health eHeart Study has previously proven to exhibit high accuracy [29]. App-recorded screen-time is subject to some measurement error.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Direct Measurements of Smartphone Screen-Time: Relationships with Demographics and Sleep

Christensen

Bettencourt

Kaye³

et al. 2016

PLoS ONE

Self Cite

226

141

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BackgroundSmartphones are increasingly integrated into everyday life, but frequency of use has not yet been objectively measured and compared to demographics, health information, and in particular, sleep quality.AimsThe aim of this study was to characterize smartphone use by measuring screen-time directly, determine factors that are associated with increased screen-time, and to test the hypothesis that increased screen-time is associated with poor sleep.MethodsWe performed a cross-sectional analysis in a subset of 653 participants enrolled in the Health eHeart Study, an internet-based longitudinal cohort study open to any interested adult (≥ 18 years). Smartphone screen-time (the number of minutes in each hour the screen was on) was measured continuously via smartphone application. For each participant, total and average screen-time were computed over 30-day windows. Average screen-time specifically during self-reported bedtime hours and sleeping period was also computed. Demographics, medical information, and sleep habits (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index–PSQI) were obtained by survey. Linear regression was used to obtain effect estimates.ResultsTotal screen-time over 30 days was a median 38.4 hours (IQR 21.4 to 61.3) and average screen-time over 30 days was a median 3.7 minutes per hour (IQR 2.2 to 5.5). Younger age, self-reported race/ethnicity of Black and "Other" were associated with longer average screen-time after adjustment for potential confounders. Longer average screen-time was associated with shorter sleep duration and worse sleep-efficiency. Longer average screen-times during bedtime and the sleeping period were associated with poor sleep quality, decreased sleep efficiency, and longer sleep onset latency.ConclusionsThese findings on actual smartphone screen-time build upon prior work based on self-report and confirm that adults spend a substantial amount of time using their smartphones. Screen-time differs across age and race, but is similar across socio-economic strata suggesting that cultural factors may drive smartphone use. Screen-time is associated with poor sleep. These findings cannot support conclusions on causation. Effect-cause remains a possibility: poor sleep may lead to increased screen-time. However, exposure to smartphone screens, particularly around bedtime, may negatively impact sleep.

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“…In 2011, respiratory system diseases represented the second leading cause of deaths in Brazil, with pneumonia being the cause for 35.6% of hospitalizations in children under the age of 5 years (6) . Evidence suggests that secondhand smoke in childhood increases the chances of hospitalization due to asthma, the demand for emergency services (7) , wheezing attacks (8) , rhinitis symptoms (9) , food sensitization (10) , caries/cavities in primary dentition (11) , atrial fibrillation (12) , behavioral problems (13) , lower engagement in school activities (14) and lower weight and height gain (15) . However, there is a lack of national studies that verify the association between secondhand smoking and respiratory symptoms easily noticeable by family members in preschool children, such as coughing, rapid breathing, "wheezing" and signs of respiratory distress, such as retraction below the ribs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between secondhand smoking in the home and respiratory morbidity in preschool children

Sigaud

Castanheira

Costa

2016

Rev. esc. enferm. USP

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Objective: Identifying the prevalence of secondhand smoking in the home and its association with morbidity and hospitalization from respiratory causes in preschool children. Method: This is a cross-sectional study conducted in five early childhood education centers at a public university in São Paulo. Sample size calculation was performed and the participants were randomly determined. Data were collected through questionnaires completed by family members or caregivers of 215 children. Chi-square and Student's t-test were used for the statistical analysis, using a 0.05 significance level. Results: The prevalence of secondhand smoke in the household was 15.3%. Bivariate analysis revealed that secondhand smoke in the household was associated with the occurrence of rapid breathing, subdiaphragmatic retractions in the past three months, and treated ear infections/otitis. Conclusion: A low prevalence of secondhand smoking in the home was found. Secondhand smoke was associated with a higher prevalence of respiratory symptoms and morbidity. DESCRIPTORS

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Secondhand smoke and atrial fibrillation: Data from the Health eHeart Study

Cited by 61 publications

References 35 publications

Cardiovascular Consequences of Childhood Secondhand Tobacco Smoke Exposure: Prevailing Evidence, Burden, and Racial and Socioeconomic Disparities: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association

Cardiovascular Consequences of Childhood Secondhand Tobacco Smoke Exposure: Prevailing Evidence, Burden, and Racial and Socioeconomic Disparities: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association

Direct Measurements of Smartphone Screen-Time: Relationships with Demographics and Sleep

Association between secondhand smoking in the home and respiratory morbidity in preschool children

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