Secondhand Exposure to Vapors From Electronic Cigarettes

Czogała, Jan; Goniewicz, Maciej Ł.; Fidelus, Bartlomiej; Zielińska-Danch, Wioleta; Travers, Mark J.; Sobczak, Andrzej

doi:10.1093/ntr/ntt203

Cited by 354 publications

(305 citation statements)

References 21 publications

(25 reference statements)

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“…4 These include polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons 32 as well as nicotine, volatile organic compounds, ultrafine particles, and particulate matter. [32][33][34] Metal and silicate particles, some of which occur at higher levels than in conventional cigarettes, have also been detected in ENDS aerosol. 35,36 Thirdhand aerosol, as with thirdhand smoke, is the residual aerosol that remains on surfaces and in dust after ENDS use; this residual may react with oxidants in the environment to yield secondary pollutants or be reemitted into the gas phase.…”

Section: Ends Secondhand and Thirdhand Aerosolmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems

Etzel¹,

Wilson²,

Balk³

et al. 2015

Pediatrics

106

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Electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) are rapidly growing in popularity among youth. ENDS are handheld devices that produce an aerosolized mixture from a solution typically containing concentrated nicotine, flavoring chemicals, and propylene glycol to be inhaled by the user. ENDS are marketed under a variety of names, most commonly electronic cigarettes and e-cigarettes. In 2014, more youth reported using ENDS than any other tobacco product. ENDS pose health risks to both users and nonusers. Nicotine, the major psychoactive ingredient in ENDS solutions, is both highly addictive and toxic. In addition to nicotine, other toxicants, carcinogens, and metal particles have been detected in solutions and aerosols of ENDS. Nonusers are involuntarily exposed to the emissions of these devices with secondhand and thirdhand aerosol. The concentrated and often flavored nicotine in ENDS solutions poses a poisoning risk for young children. Reports of acute nicotine toxicity from US poison control centers have been increasing, with at least 1 child death reported from unintentional exposure to a nicotine-containing ENDS solution. With flavors, design, and marketing that appeal to youth, ENDS threaten to renormalize and glamorize nicotine and tobacco product use. There is a critical need for ENDS regulation, legislative action, and counter promotion to protect youth. ENDS have the potential to addict a new generation of youth to nicotine and reverse more than 50 years of progress in tobacco control. DEFINITIONS• Secondhand aerosol: emissions from electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) that are discharged into the surrounding environment with ENDS use, both directly from the ENDS and exhaled from the lungs of the user.• Thirdhand aerosol: ENDS emissions that remain on surfaces and in dust after ENDS use, which can be reemitted into the gas phase or react with oxidants in the environment to yield secondary pollutants.

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Section: Ends Secondhand and Thirdhand Aerosolmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems

Etzel¹,

Wilson²,

Balk³

et al. 2015

Pediatrics

106

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“…1 The liquid solution (referred to as ''e-liquid'') is typically composed of propylene glycol, glycerin, flavouring and nicotine. 2,3,4 Unlike cigarettes, e-cigarettes do not produce side-stream smoke, 5 and exposure studies suggest that they do not contain the same levels of harmful chemicals that cigarettes do. 2,4,5,6 However, the vapours…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characteristics of e-cigarette users and their perceptions of the benefits, harms and risks of e-cigarette use: survey results from a convenience sample in Ottawa, Canada

Volesky

Maki

Scherf

et al. 2016

Health Promot Chronic Dis Prev Can

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Introduction: Although e-cigarette use (''vaping'') is increasing in Canada, few attempts have been made to describe e-cigarette users (''vapers''). In this context, we conducted a study in Ottawa, Canada, to describe e-cigarette users' perceptions of the benefits, harms and risks of e-cigarettes. We also collected information on why, how and where they use e-cigarettes as well as information on side effects.

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“…25 Contrarily, Czoguli et al reported lower nicotine concentrations in the air when using e-cigarettes, compared to traditional ones. 26 To date, e-cigarette use by teenagers, and even children, is a major concern. A survey conducted by Goniewicz et al among Polish teenagers between 15 and 19 years old presented a successive increase in the prevalence of e-smoking.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%