Secondary voltage control using pilot point information

A Synchrophasor Based Optimal Voltage Control Scheme with Successive Voltage Stability Margin Improvement

“…It is organized as a hierarchical structure with three levels: the primary, secondary, and tertiary voltage control. Significant attention has been given to the study of the secondary level, which is an automatic regulation of voltage and reactive power for power systems [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19]. The task of the secondary voltage control (SVC) is to regulate system voltage profile and to protect against potential voltage instability scenario at an early stage.…”

A secondary voltage control method for an AC/DC coupled transmission system based on model predictive control

“…Secondary voltage controller, which aims to keep the voltage of pilot buses close to their references and distribute reactive power appropriately [1][2][3] , has been widely applied in power system. The control interval is about 1-5 minutes that is restricted by communication conditions.…”

Probabilistic determination of pilot points for zonal voltage control

“…This procedure should be done in a way that makes a trade off between the loss of the information and decreasing the computational burden [24]. The scenario reduction technique used in this paper is described as the following steps 4 If the number of selected set is sufficient then end and go to step 2 ; else continue. step.…”

“…The generator terminal voltage is taken as control variable. Two different approaches have been proposed to solve the optimization model: heuristic methods [4]- [6] and evolutionary technique [7], [8]. Recently some coordinated secondary voltage control schemes have been proposed to improve voltage stability margin or eliminate voltage violations.…”