Secondary psychopathy, but not primary psychopathy, is associated with risky decision-making in noninstitutionalized young adults

Dean, Andy C.; Altstein, Lily L.; Berman, Mitchell E.; Constans, Joseph I.; Sugar, Catherine A.; McCloskey, Michael S.

doi:10.1016/j.paid.2012.09.009

Cited by 61 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Means in the current sample, displayed in Table 1, were comparable with those typically found in emerging adult samples with regards to child maltreatment exposure (Mitchell & Mazzeo, 2005), impulsivity (Dean et al, 2013), and BMI (Huang, Shimel, Lee, Delancey, & Strother, 2007). Emotional abuse and emotional neglect were the most commonly reported child maltreatment types, with 6.4% of the sample reporting moderate to severe levels of emotional abuse or emotional neglect.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 57%

Impulsivity as a moderator of the associations between child maltreatment types and body mass index

Brown

Mitchell

Fite

et al. 2017

Child Abuse & Neglect

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Child maltreatment has emerged as an important risk factor for adult obesity (Danese & Tan, 2014; Hemmingsson, Johannsson, & Reynisdottir, 2014). However, there is a need for research delineating the factors that play a role in this association. Impulsivity has been shown to be associated with both child maltreatment (Ouyang, Fang, Mercy, Perou, & Grosse, 2008) and body mass index (BMI; Cortese et al., 2008; Thamotharan, Lange, Zale, Huffhines, & Fields, 2013). Further, given previous research showing that adverse events interact with impulsivity to predict hazardous drinking behaviors (Fox, Bergquist, Gu, & Sinha, 2010), there is reason to hypothesize that child maltreatment might interact with impulsivity to predict other adverse health outcomes, such as elevated BMI. Accordingly, the current study examined whether impulsivity moderated the association between child maltreatment types (i.e., physical abuse, physical neglect, sexual abuse, emotional abuse, and emotional neglect) and BMI. The sample was comprised of 500 undergraduate students (49.6% male) between the ages of 18 and 25 years. Regression analyses suggested that maltreatment types and impulsivity were not uniquely associated with BMI. However, impulsivity moderated the association between childhood sexual abuse and adult BMI, such that BMI was highest at high levels of both sexual abuse and impulsivity. Impulsivity did not moderate the associations between the other child maltreatment types and BMI. Limitations, future directions, and clinical implications of this research are discussed.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 57%

Impulsivity as a moderator of the associations between child maltreatment types and body mass index

Brown

Mitchell

Fite

et al. 2017

Child Abuse & Neglect

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The IGT, which is a measure of ‘real world’ risky decision‐making (Bechara et al ., ), is regarded as an appropriate task in order to investigate impulsivity and self‐regulation in patients with antisocial traits. Dean, Altstein, Berman, Constans, Sugar and McCloskey () found that risky decision‐making was related to participants with secondary psychopathy traits (antisocial behavior), but not primary psychopathy traits (lack of empathy). The IGT was originally developed to measure decision‐making in patients with ventromedial prefrontal cortex lesions (VPCL) (Bechara et al ., ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A long‐term fatty fish intervention improved executive function in inpatients with antisocial traits and a history of alcohol and drug abuse

Hansen

Dahl²,

Olson³

et al. 2015

Scandinavian J Psychology

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The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of fatty fish consumption on cognitive functioning in a group of inpatients characterized by antisocial behavior. Eighty-three male forensic inpatients participated in this study. Participants were randomly assigned into a Fish or a Control group (e.g., meat, chicken, pork). One decision-making task, the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT), and one planning task, the Tower of Hanoi (ToH), were administered before (pre-test) and at the end of the intervention period (post-test). For the IGT the Fish group showed improved performance from pre- to post- test. Moreover, the Fish group showed significantly better performance than the Control group on the IGT at post-test. The Fish group also demonstrated improved performance from pre- to post-test on the ToH; however, this was limited to participants with a history of substance abuse. Further, the improvement was only significant for tasks with high working memory load (5-7 move problems), and not for tasks with low working memory load (1-4 move problems). The Control group showed no improvement on any of the tasks regardless of alcohol or drug abuse history. The present study suggests that regular fatty fish consumption may improve executive functions in forensic inpatients with antisocial traits and a history of substance abuse. Thus, the current results may have important implications with regard to health care interventions.

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“…Given that their overall mean rejection rate did not differ from the other groups either, the offenders without psychopathy seem to be guided by the magnitude of the proposal's intrinsic distribution (what the proposer gets vs. what the responder gets) with a dislike of unequal outcomes, i.e., inequity aversion. Fairness is determined by payoffs available in the here and now, which may reflect the preference for immediate options, hinting at a hyperactivity of the impulsive system (Buckholtz et al, 2010; Dean et al, 2013). …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unfair offers, unfair offenders? Fairness considerations in incarcerated individuals with and without psychopathy

Radke¹,

Brazil²,

Scheper³

et al. 2013

Front. Hum. Neurosci.

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Offenders with psychopathy have often committed crimes violating social norms, which may suggest a biased moral reasoning in psychopathy. Yet, as findings on utilitarian decisions remain conflicting, the current study investigated different aspects of fairness considerations in offenders with psychopathy, offenders without psychopathy and healthy individuals (N = 18/14/18, respectively). Unfair offers in a modified Ultimatum Game (UG) were paired with different unselected alternatives, thereby establishing the context of a proposal, and made under opposing intentionality constraints (intentional vs. unintentional). As in previous studies, unfair offers were most often rejected when the alternative was fair and when the offer was made intentionally. Importantly, however, offenders with psychopathy demonstrated a similar rejection pattern to that of healthy individuals, i.e., taking the unselected alternative into account. In contrast, delinquents without psychopathy did not adjust their decision behavior to the alternatives to an offer, suggesting stronger impairments in social decision-making. Crucially, the mechanisms and processes underlying rejection decisions might differ, particularly with regard to cognitive vs. emotional competencies. While preserved cognitive perspective-taking could drive seemingly intact decision patterns in psychopathy, emotional empathy is likely to be compromised.

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Secondary psychopathy, but not primary psychopathy, is associated with risky decision-making in noninstitutionalized young adults

Cited by 61 publications

References 38 publications

Impulsivity as a moderator of the associations between child maltreatment types and body mass index

Impulsivity as a moderator of the associations between child maltreatment types and body mass index

A long‐term fatty fish intervention improved executive function in inpatients with antisocial traits and a history of alcohol and drug abuse

Unfair offers, unfair offenders? Fairness considerations in incarcerated individuals with and without psychopathy

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