A copper‐catalyzed α,β‐regioselective (2+4) cycloaddition of propargylic esters with o‐hydroxyphenyl substituted secondary phosphine oxides (SPOs) was established, which afforded a series of phosphorus‐containing six‐membered heterocycles in high yields (up to 99 % yield). This reaction represents the first α,β‐regioselective (2+n) cycloaddition of propargylic esters via the intermediates of copper−allenylidenes, which will enrich the chemistry of propargylic esters and copper−allenylidenes. Moreover, this work also represents the first application of o‐hydroxyphenyl substituted SPOs as 1,4‐dinucleophiles in (2+4) cycloadditions, which provides a useful protocol for the synthesis of phosphorus‐containing six‐membered heterocycles with potential bioactivity.