Secondary organic aerosol formation from xylenes and mixtures of toluene and xylenes in an atmospheric urban hydrocarbon mixture: Water and particle seed effects (II)

Zhou, Yang; Zhang, Haofei; Parikh, Harshal M.; Chen, Eric H.; Rattanavaraha, Weruka; Rosen, Elias P.; Wang, Wenxing; Kamens, Richard M.

doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2010.12.048

Cited by 110 publications

(87 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…It must be noted that Ng et al, 2007;Kroll et al (2007) and Huang et al (2013) carried out their experiments in dry conditions (RH 4-7 % or 15 %), while in our experiments RH was 54-79 %. This may have enhanced the SOA yields, because a higher humidity is known to increase the SOA yield remarkably (Zhou et al, 2011;Keller and Burtscher, 2012).…”

Section: Soa Formation Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization and testing of a new environmental chamber

et al. 2015

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Abstract. A 29 m 3 Teflon chamber, designed for studies on the aging of combustion aerosols, at the University of Eastern Finland is described and characterized. The chamber is part of a research facility, called Ilmari, where small-scale combustion devices, a dynamometer for vehicle exhaust studies, dilution systems, the chamber, and cell and animal exposure devices are located side by side under the same roof. The small surface-to-volume ratio of the chamber enables reasonably long experiment times, with particle wall loss rate constants of 0.088, 0.080, 0.045, and 0.040 h −1 for polydisperse, 50, 100, and 200 nm monodisperse aerosols, respectively. The NO 2 photolysis rate can be adjusted from 0 to 0.62 min −1 . The irradiance spectrum is centered at either 350 or 365 nm, and the maximum irradiance, produced by up to 160 blacklight lamps, is 29.7 W m −2 , which corresponds to the ultraviolet (UV) irradiance in Central Finland at noon on a sunny day in the midsummer. The temperature inside the chamber is uniform and can be kept at 25 ± 1 • C. The chamber is kept in an overpressure with a moving top frame, which reduces sample dilution and entrance of contamination during an experiment. The functionality of the chamber was tested with oxidation experiments of toluene, resulting in secondary organic aerosol (SOA) yields of 12-42 %, depending on the initial conditions, such as NO x concentration and UV irradiation. The highest gaseous oxidation product yields of 12.4-19.5 % and 5.8-19.5 % were detected with ions corresponding to methyl glyoxal (m/z 73.029) and 4-oxo-2-pentenal (m/z 99.044), respectively. Overall, reasonable yields of SOA and gaseous reaction products, comparable to those obtained in other laboratories, were obtained.

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Section: Soa Formation Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization and testing of a new environmental chamber

et al. 2015

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“…Most of these studies focused on the effect of RH on SOA yield (Edney et al, 2000;Zhou et al, 2011;Cocker III et al, 2001;Kamens et al, 2011;Cao and Jang, 2010;Faust et al, 2017;Liu et al, 2017;Jia and Xu, 2017) and not the chemical composition of SOA particles. The comparison between different experiments is complicated by the fact that some experiments are done in the presence of hygroscopic seed particles, where ALW may be playing a role; others are done with seed particles containing strong acids, which favor acid-catalyzed chemistry, and others use no seed particles.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of relative humidity on the composition of secondary organic aerosol from the oxidation of toluene

et al. 2018

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Abstract. The effect of relative humidity (RH) on the chemical composition of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formed from low-NO x toluene oxidation in the absence of seed particles was investigated. SOA samples were prepared in an aerosol smog chamber at < 2 % RH and 75 % RH, collected on Teflon filters, and analyzed with nanospray desorption electrospray ionization high-resolution mass spectrometry (nano-DESI-HRMS). Measurements revealed a significant reduction in the fraction of oligomers present in the SOA generated at 75 % RH compared to SOA generated under dry conditions. In a separate set of experiments, the particle mass concentrations were measured with a scanning mobility particle sizer (SMPS) at RHs ranging from < 2 to 90 %. It was found that the particle mass loading decreased by nearly an order of magnitude when RH increased from < 2 to 75-90 % for low-NO x toluene SOA. The volatility distributions of the SOA compounds, estimated from the distribution of molecular formulas using the "molecular corridor" approach, confirmed that low-NO x toluene SOA became more volatile on average under high-RH conditions. In contrast, the effect of RH on SOA mass loading was found to be much smaller for high-NO x toluene SOA. The observed increase in the oligomer fraction and particle mass loading under dry conditions were attributed to the enhancement of condensation reactions, which produce water and oligomers from smaller compounds in low-NO x toluene SOA. The reduction in the fraction of oligomeric compounds under humid conditions is predicted to partly counteract the previously observed enhancement in the toluene SOA yield driven by the aerosol liquid water chemistry in deliquesced inorganic seed particles.

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“…oxalate, glycolate, oligomers, epoxide sulfates and imidazoles). [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11] As a result, gas-phase followed by aqueous-phase chemistry contributes to secondary organic aerosol (SOA). [12,13] SOA is also formed when semiand low-volatility products of gas-phase chemistry sorb to particulate organic matter [14,15] (here SOA gas is used to denote SOA formed by this latter pathway and SOA aq to denote SOA formed with a contribution from aqueous-phase chemistry).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Glyoxal secondary organic aerosol chemistry: effects of dilute nitrate and ammonium and support for organic radical–radical oligomer formation

Kirkland¹,

Lim²,

Tan³

et al. 2013

Environ. Chem.

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Environmental context. Atmospheric waters (clouds, fogs and wet aerosols) are media in which gases can be converted into particulate matter. This work explores aqueous transformations of glyoxal, a water-soluble gas with anthropogenic and biogenic sources. Results provide new evidence in support of previously proposed chemical mechanisms. These mechanisms are beginning to be incorporated into transport models that link emissions to air pollution concentrations and behaviour.Abstract. Glyoxal (GLY) is ubiquitous in the atmosphere and an important aqueous secondary organic aerosol (SOA) precursor. At dilute (cloud-relevant) organic concentrations, OH radical oxidation of GLY has been shown to produce oxalate. GLY has also been used as a surrogate species to gain insight into radical and non-radical reactions in wet aerosols, where organic and inorganic concentrations are very high (in the molar region). The work herein demonstrates, for the first time, that tartarate forms from GLY þ OH . Tartarate is a key product in a previously proposed organic radical-radical reaction mechanism for oligomer formation from GLY oxidation. Previously published model predictions that include this GLY oxidation pathway suggest that oligomers are major products of OH radical oxidation at the high organic concentrations found in wet aerosols. The tartarate measurements herein provide support for this proposed oligomer formation mechanism. This paper also demonstrates, for the first time, that dilute (cloud or fog-relevant) concentrations of inorganic nitrogen (i.e. ammonium and nitrate) have little effect on the GLY þ OH chemistry leading to oxalate formation in clouds. This, and results from previous experiments conducted with acidic sulfate, increase confidence that the currently understood dilute GLY þ OH chemistry can be used to predict GLY SOA formation in clouds and fogs. It should be recognised that organic-inorganic interactions can play an important role in droplet evaporation chemistry and in wet aerosols. The chemistry leading to SOA formation in these environments is complex and remains poorly understood.

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Secondary organic aerosol formation from xylenes and mixtures of toluene and xylenes in an atmospheric urban hydrocarbon mixture: Water and particle seed effects (II)

Cited by 110 publications

References 37 publications

Characterization and testing of a new environmental chamber

Characterization and testing of a new environmental chamber

Effect of relative humidity on the composition of secondary organic aerosol from the oxidation of toluene

Glyoxal secondary organic aerosol chemistry: effects of dilute nitrate and ammonium and support for organic radical–radical oligomer formation

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