Secondary Metabolites from Marine-Derived Bacteria with Antibiotic and Antibiofilm Activities against Drug-Resistant Pathogens

Abstract

The search for new antibiotics against drug-resistant microbes has been expanded to marine bacteria. Marine bacteria have been proven to be a prolific source of a myriad of novel compounds with potential biological activities. Therefore, this review highlights novel and bioactive compounds from marine bacteria reported during the period of January 2016 to December 2021. Published articles containing novel marine bacterial secondary metabolites that are active against drug-resistant pathogens were collected. Previously described compounds (prior to January 2016) are not included in this review. Unreported compounds during this period that exhibited activity against pathogenic microbes were discussed and compared in order to find the cue of the structure–bioactivity relationship. The results showed that Streptomyces are the most studied bacteria with undescribed bioactive compounds, followed by other genera in the Actinobacteria. We have categorized the structures of the compounds in the present review into four groups, based on their biosynthetic origins, as polyketide derivatives, amino acid derivatives, terpenoids, as well as compounds with mixed origin. These compounds were active against one or more drug-resistant pathogens, such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis (MRSE), vancomycin-resistant Enterococci (VRE), multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MDR-TB), and amphotericin B-resistant Candida albicans. In addition, some of the compounds also showed activity against biofilm formation of the test bacteria. Some previously undescribed compounds, isolated from marine-derived bacteria during this period, could have a good potential as lead compounds for the development of drug candidates to overcome multidrug-resistant pathogens.

MariClus: Your One-Stop Platform for Information on Marine Natural Products, Their Gene Clusters and Producing Organisms

“…RiPP-like clusters are close to 200 clusters, and the T1PKS, betalactone and NRPS-like types are just over 150 clusters. All these types of molecules are very well known within marine bacteria and are often the subject of interest for studies regarding novel antibiotic and anticancer agents or to combat various other diseases [ 2 , 24 , 25 ]. An overview of the top 10 most common types of clusters is shown in Figure 2 B.…”

Cyclic Peptides in Pipeline: What Future for These Great Molecules?

“…Bioactive marine cyclic peptides can be found in marine tunicates [ 46 , 47 ], sponges [ 47 , 48 ], algae [ 49 ], bacteria [ 50 , 51 ], cyanobacteria [ 52 , 53 ], fungi [ 54 , 55 ], and other invertebrates [ 56 ], including symbionts [ 57 ] and non-symbiotic microorganisms, such as sponge-associated fungi [ 58 , 59 ]. Marine-derived peptides display a broad spectrum of bioactivities [ 60 , 61 ], mainly anticancer [ 62 ] and antimicrobial [ 63 ] being one of the research topics that gives a very high output, with a considerable increase in the number of publications (268 per year), from 2010 to 2020 [ 64 ].…”

Dissolved Carbon Dioxide: The Lifespan of Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecalis in Bottled Carbonated Mineral Water

“…Staphylococcus aureus were cultivated on blood agar and exposed to pure CO 2 , a standard anaerobic gas, or air, over a period of 24 h [ 4 ]. Recent studies on methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) were concerned with antibacterial material and pathogeny [ 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 ]. The survival of Escherichia coli , P. aeruginosa , Enterobacter cloacae , and Klebsiella pneumonia were investigated in bottled still water and demonstrated a reduction of colony-forming units (CFUs) over a period of twenty days [ 13 ].…”