Secondary metabolite profiling and characterization of diterpenes and flavones from the methanolic extract of Andrographis paniculata using HPLC-LC-MS/MS

Abstract

Background Andrographis paniculata is a well-known medicinal plant that contains various classes of bioactive secondary metabolites. It is widely used by the traditional medicinal healers for treatment of malaria and other diseases. There is an urgent need for screening of potent novel compounds from the methanol extract of A. paniculata. Earlier, we obtained appreciable in vitro anti-malarial activity (IC50-10.75 μg/ml) in the same plant. In current study, we developed novel analytical methods for rapid identification and characterization of diterpenes and flavones using chromatographic and spectroscopic techniques and identified major compounds that might possess anti-malarial activities. Results Based on the chromatographic and mass spectrometric features, we have identified a total of 74 compounds (25 compounds from positive ion mode; 49 compounds from negative ion mode). The mass spectrum data predicted andrographolide (15%) presence in the highest amount in both positive and negative ion modes. Based on the percentage purity, Andrographolide and skullcapflavone I was selected as representative class of diterpenes and flavones for fragmentation studies. Conclusions The result led to identification of Neoandrographolide, andrographolactone, 14-dehydroxy-11,12-didehydroandrographolide, skullcapflavone I, and 5-Hydroxy-2′,7,8-tri methoxy flavone from the methanolic extract of A. paniculata that is used in traditional medicine by tribal healers of Amarkantak region for treating malaria. These could be lead compounds for the development of novel anti-malarial drugs.

Non-antimicrobial and Non-anticancer Properties of ZnO Nanoparticles Biosynthesized Using Different Plant Parts of Bixa orellana

“…75,76 The BS extract confirmed the presence of molecular fragments with m/z ratios 273 and 717 corresponding to geranylgeraniol and andrographolide, respectively (Figure S3b). 77,78 The BSc extract confirmed the presence of molecular fragments with m/z ratios 219, 284 and 315 corresponding to octadecenal, vaccenic acid and isocarpesterol, respectively (Figure S3c). 79−81 These biomolecules were also seen in GC− MS analysis thus underlining the role of flavonoids, steroids, phenolics and aromatic compounds in the biosynthesis of ZnO nanoparticles.…”

Composition, anti-LDL oxidation, and non-enzymatic glycosylation inhibitory activities of the flavonoids from Mesembryanthemum crystallinum

“…The relative percentage of (-)-Epigallocatechin gallate was the lowest at 0.03%. Based on the oxidation degree of the three carbon bond (C3) structure and B ring connection sites, the 30 kinds of flavonoid compounds could be divided into six categories ( 33 ): flavonoids, dihydrogen flavonoids, flavanol, flavonol, isoflavones, and dihydrochalcone. Of these flavonoid compounds, flavonoids made up a majority of the content—i.e., 74.31%.…”

The in-silico potential of Andrographis paniculata phytocompounds as antiviral for the treatment of COVID-19: A systematic review

“…The main phytocompounds of A. paniculata are diterpene compounds including andrographolide, 14-deoxyandrographolide, 14-deoxy-11,12-didehydroandrographolide, 14-deoxy-11-O n l i n e F i r s t oxoandrographolide, neoandrographolide, andrographiside, deoxyandrographoside, andrograpanin, deoxyandrographolide-19-D-glucosi-de, 14-deoxy-12-methoxyandrographolide, and flavonoid compounds (Dwivedi et al, 2021). The outcomes of in-silico testing on the main compounds of A. paniculata have varied according to several researches.…”