Secondary metabolism in cannabis

Flores-Sánchez, Isvett Josefina; Verpoorte, Robert

doi:10.1007/s11101-008-9094-4

Cited by 303 publications

(241 citation statements)

References 189 publications

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“…These include compounds of interest to humans such as food flavors from mint (Mentha spp.) and basil (Ocimum basilicum; Rios-Estepa et al, 2008;Xie et al, 2008), the antimalarial drug artemisinin from Artemisia annua , and tetrahydrocannabinol in medical marijuana (Cannabis sativa; Flores-Sanchez and Verpoorte, 2008). Because trichomes are located on plant surfaces and produce biologically active metabolites, they can protect against a number of environmental stresses, including herbivores and pathogens (Werker, 2000;Wagner et al, 2004).…”

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confidence: 99%

Studies of a Biochemical Factory: Tomato Trichome Deep Expressed Sequence Tag Sequencing and Proteomics

et al. 2010

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Shotgun proteomics analysis allows hundreds of proteins to be identified and quantified from a single sample at relatively low cost. Extensive DNA sequence information is a prerequisite for shotgun proteomics, and it is ideal to have sequence for the organism being studied rather than from related species or accessions. While this requirement has limited the set of organisms that are candidates for this approach, next generation sequencing technologies make it feasible to obtain deep DNA sequence coverage from any organism. As part of our studies of specialized (secondary) metabolism in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) trichomes, 454 sequencing of cDNA was combined with shotgun proteomics analyses to obtain in-depth profiles of genes and proteins expressed in leaf and stem glandular trichomes of 3-week-old plants. The expressed sequence tag and proteomics data sets combined with metabolite analysis led to the discovery and characterization of a sesquiterpene synthase that produces b-caryophyllene and a-humulene from E,E-farnesyl diphosphate in trichomes of leaf but not of stem. This analysis demonstrates the utility of combining high-throughput cDNA sequencing with proteomics experiments in a target tissue. These data can be used for dissection of other biochemical processes in these specialized epidermal cells.

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confidence: 99%

Studies of a Biochemical Factory: Tomato Trichome Deep Expressed Sequence Tag Sequencing and Proteomics

et al. 2010

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“…19 In the secondary metabolism of plants a large number of substances are produced, of which the cannabinoids, terpenes, flavonoids, lignans, alkaloids and other phenolic compounds account for the majority. 20 The cannabinoids are defined as terpenophenolic C 21 compounds, including their carboxylic acids, analogues and transformation products. 21 The cannabinoids are produced in the plant glandular trichomes, where they constitute part of the resin.…”

Section: Cannabis Sativa and The Cannabinoidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…20,24 Cannabis is today the most frequently abused illicit drug in the western world. 13 It appears mainly in three forms, namely (i) herbal Cannabis (Marijuana), (ii) Cannabis resin (hashish), and (iii) Cannabis oil.…”

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Synthesis and spectroscopic characterization of emerging synthetic cannabinoids and cathinones

Carlsson¹

2016

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The application of different analytical techniques is fundamental in forensic drug analysis. In the wake of the occurrence of large numbers of new psychoactive substances possessing similar chemical structures as already known ones, focus has been placed on applied criteria for their univocal identification. These criteria vary, obviously, depending on the applied technique and analytical approach. However, when two or more substances are proven to have similar analytical properties, these criteria no longer apply, which imply that complementary techniques have to be used in their differentiation.This work describes the synthesis of some structural analogues to synthetic cannabinoids and cathinones based on the evolving patterns in the illicit drug market. Six synthetic cannabinoids and six synthetic cathinones were synthesized, that, at the time for this study, were not as yet found in drug seizures. Further, a selection of their spectroscopic data is compared to those of already existing analogues; mainly isomers and homologues. The applied techniques were mass spectrometry (MS), Fourier transformed infrared (FTIR, gas phase) spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. In total, 59 different compounds were analyzed with the selected techniques.

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“…Cannabis and Humulus are the only two recognized genera in the Cannabaceae family (Fernald 1950;Flores-Sanchez and Verpoorte 2008). In Cannabis, mainly one species is famously recognized, namely Cannabis sativa (Linnaeus 1753), however, three other species ( C. indica, C. ruderalis, and C. afghanica) have also been described recently (McPartland et al 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Advances in Research on Cannabis sativa L. Endophytes and Their Prospect for the Pharmaceutical Industry

Kusari

Spiteller

Kayser

et al. 2014

Microbial Diversity and Biotechnology in Food Security

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Endophytic microorganisms residing within plants are constantly communicating with them and the external environment by means of various interaction mechanisms and biochemical processes. Although plants have evolved their own defense mechanisms, sometimes they fail to defend themselves from the constant attack of devastating and emerging pathogens. Thus, research involving endophytes that aid the defense responses of their host plants can be useful in biocontrol and pest management strategies. Elucidating the chemistry of endophyte-plant interactions can provide new insights into the production of target and/or nontarget metabolites, thereby enabling a better understanding of the metabolic processes in planta and ex planta. In this chapter, we highlight the interactions of endophytes harbored in the medicinally important plant Cannabis sativa L. with the host plant as well as with the pathogens. The various endophyte-plant-pathogen defense-counter defense crosstalk would aid in exploring the biocontrol potential of endophytes in thwarting pathogens attacking the plants, and thus, effectively decrease the loss of such therapeutically relevant medicinal plants. Such interactions will further lead to the discovery of bioactive compounds, including the ones exclusive to the host plants. This chapter deals with the recent advances made

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Secondary metabolism in cannabis

Cited by 303 publications

References 189 publications

Studies of a Biochemical Factory: Tomato Trichome Deep Expressed Sequence Tag Sequencing and Proteomics

Studies of a Biochemical Factory: Tomato Trichome Deep Expressed Sequence Tag Sequencing and Proteomics

Synthesis and spectroscopic characterization of emerging synthetic cannabinoids and cathinones

Recent Advances in Research on Cannabis sativa L. Endophytes and Their Prospect for the Pharmaceutical Industry

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