Secondary macular holes – A review of current management strategies

Abstract

Secondary macular holes (MHs), most commonly caused by ocular trauma and high myopia, often pose a therapeutic challenge. The development of modern imaging modalities as well as advanced surgical techniques enables a better pre-operative evaluation, diverse treatments, and improved prognosis. This review presents and discusses the treatment options for each of these conditions, to provide the necessary up to date knowledge for decision-making in these cases.