Secondary Lymphoedema of the Lower Leg as an Unusual Side-Effect of a Liquid Silicone Injection in the Hips and Buttocks

Gaber, Yvonne

doi:10.1159/000077845

Cited by 25 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Faced with societal pressures to conform to feminine ideals of beauty and unable to pay for surgery, some transgender women, often women of color, resort to “pumping” or using liquid silicone to enlarge their hips, breasts, butt and/or lips (Garofalo et al, 2006; Herbst et al, 2008; Sevelius, 2013; Wallace, 2010; Williamson, 2010). Pumping can pose adverse consequences as loose silicone can shift, causing permanent disfigurement, pulmonary embolism, pneumonia, renal failure, and even death (CDC, 2008; Gaber, 2004; Williamson, 2010). Lack of access to medically necessary care has also been shown to lead to depression, suicidal ideation, non-suicidal self-injury, and suicide for individuals of diverse transgender experience (Huft, 2008; Spicer, 2010).…”

Section: Stigma At Multiple Levelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transgender stigma and health: A critical review of stigma determinants, mechanisms, and interventions

Hughto

Reisner

Pachankis

2015

Social Science & Medicine

1,201

845

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Rationale Transgender people in the United States experience widespread prejudice, discrimination, violence, and other forms of stigma. Objective This critical review aims to integrate the literature on stigma towards transgender people in the US. Results This review demonstrates that transgender stigma limits opportunities and access to resources in a number of critical domains (e.g., employment, healthcare), persistently affecting the physical and mental health of transgender people. The applied social ecological model employed here elucidates that transgender stigma operates at multiple levels (i.e., individual, interpersonal, structural) to impact health. Stigma prevention and coping interventions hold promise for reducing stigma and its adverse health-related effects in transgender populations. Conclusion Additional research is needed to document the causal relationship between stigma and adverse health as well as the mediators and moderators of stigma in US transgender populations. Multi-level interventions to prevent stigma towards transgender people are warranted.

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Section: Stigma At Multiple Levelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transgender stigma and health: A critical review of stigma determinants, mechanisms, and interventions

Hughto

Reisner

Pachankis

2015

Social Science & Medicine

1,201

845

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“…In reality, overdosing on hormones is not likely to affect the degree and timing of physical changes; it is more likely to cause adverse effects or increase side effects. Silicone use among transwomen/trans-feminine people has been linked with serious health problems and death (Chastre et al, 1983;Chastre et al, 1987;Clark, Cantrell, Pacal, Chen, & Betten, 2008;Farina et al, 1997;Fox, Geyer, Husain, Della-Latta, & Grossman, 2004;Gaber, 2004;Hage, Kanhai, Oen, van Diest, & Karim, 2001;Pastor, Andreu, & Chiner, 2005;Rosioreanu, Brusca-Augello, Ahmed, & Katz, 2004;Sanz-Herrero, de Casimiro-Calabuig, & LopezMiguel, 2006). The procedure is popular among transwomen/trans-feminine people who are unable to afford or gain timely access to safer alternatives.…”

Section: The Effectiveness Of Medical Interventions Upon Health Outcomesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transgender Health: A Review and Guidance for Future Research—Proceedings from the Summer Institute at the Center for Research on Health and Sexual Orientation, University of Pittsburgh

Lombardi

2010

International Journal of Transgenderism

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This article reports on the outcome of the Summer Institute on Transgender Health Research held July 24-26, 2008, at the University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. The institute attendees included a panel of experts in the field of transgender research. The goals of the institute were to provide an opportunity to learn more about transgender health research, to foster a dialogue among experts on transgender health issues, and to come to a consensus on what is needed to move the field forward. The scope of existing research on the transgender population is limited. While more research is needed on the known health problems of HIV/AIDS, substance use, and mental health, there is also a need to focus on other health issues, such as cardiovascular health, that are important to trans/gender-variant people. Participants identified a need to examine how societal discrimination can create a syndemic process that will affect multiple health disparities.

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“…It is a debilitating and psychologically stressing condition. 1,[6][7][8][9][10] In the present case, the patient presented acquired scrotal lymphedema, probably caused by radiotherapy. The presence of liquid silicone in the subcutaneous tissue and pelvic lymph nodes was also a contributory factor.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Liquid silicone used for esthetic purposes as a potentiator for occurrence of post-radiotherapy genital lymphedema: case report

et al. 2017

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CONTEXT: Lymphedema consists of extracellular fluid retention caused by lymphatic obstruction. In chronic forms, fat and fibrous tissue accumulation is observed. Genital lymphedema is a rare condition in developed countries and may have primary or acquired etiology. It generally leads to urinary, sexual and social impairment. Clinical treatment usually has low effectiveness, and surgical resection is frequently indicated. CASE REPORT: We report a case of a male-to-female transgender patient who was referred for treatment of chronic genital lymphedema. She had a history of pelvic radiotherapy to treat anal cancer and of liquid silicone injections to the buttock and thigh regions for esthetic purposes. Radiological examinations showed signs both of tissue infiltration by liquid silicone and of granulomas, lymphadenopathy and lymphedema. Surgical treatment was performed on the area affected, in which lymphedematous tissue was excised from the scrotum while preserving the penis and testicles, with satisfactory results. Histopathological examination showed alterations compatible with tissue infiltration by exogenous material, along with chronic lymphedema. CONCLUSION: Genital lymphedema may be caused by an association of lesions due to liquid silicone injections and radiotherapy in the pelvic region. Cancer treatment decisions for patients who previously underwent liquid silicone injection should take this information into account, since it may represent a risk factor for radiotherapy complications.RESUMO CONTEXTO: O linfedema consiste de retenção de fluido extracelular causada por obstrução linfática. Nas formas crônicas, observa-se acúmulo de tecido adiposo e fibrose. O linfedema genital é uma doença rara em países desenvolvidos e pode ter etiologia primária ou adquirida, em geral cursando com disfunções urinária e sexual, bem como com prejuízo do convívio social. O tratamento clínico é, em geral, pouco efetivo, indicando-se com frequência a abordagem cirúrgica, com excisão da área afetada. RELATO DE CASO: Relata-se o caso de paciente feminina transgênero, encaminhada para tratamento de linfedema genital crônico. Havia antecedente pessoal de tratamento de câncer de canal anal com radioterapia pélvica e de injeções de silicone líquido em glúteos e coxas com finalidade estética. Exames radiológicos mostraram tanto sinais de infiltração tecidual por silicone líquido como granulomas e linfadenopatia como de linfedema. Foi realizado o tratamento cirúrgico da área afetada, com excisão do tecido linfadenomatoso do escroto, preservando o pênis e testículos, com resultado satisfatório. A análise histopatológica mostrou achados compatíveis com infiltração tecidual por material exógeno, bem como com linfedema crônico. CONCLUSÃO: O linfedema genital pode ser causado pela associação de lesão por injeção de silicone líqui-do e radioterapia na região pélvica. As decisões no tratamento de neoplasias em pacientes previamente submetidos a injeção de silicone líquido devem levar em conta esse fato, já que pode representar fat...

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Secondary Lymphoedema of the Lower Leg as an Unusual Side-Effect of a Liquid Silicone Injection in the Hips and Buttocks

Cited by 25 publications

References 6 publications

Transgender stigma and health: A critical review of stigma determinants, mechanisms, and interventions

Transgender stigma and health: A critical review of stigma determinants, mechanisms, and interventions

Transgender Health: A Review and Guidance for Future Research—Proceedings from the Summer Institute at the Center for Research on Health and Sexual Orientation, University of Pittsburgh

Liquid silicone used for esthetic purposes as a potentiator for occurrence of post-radiotherapy genital lymphedema: case report

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